Nukes and AI require 1.4 million gallons of water a day at New Mexico lab

“In a state that’s already short on the resource, Los Alamos National Laboratory expects to double water use.”

| April 30, 2026 hcn.org

Crews install supercomputer components at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2023. Plans are in place to build a new facility dedicated to artificial intelligence supercomputers.Los Alamos National Laboratory

HIGH ATOP A PLATEAU IN NORTHERN NEW MEXICO, Los Alamos National Laboratory is facing its biggest expansion since the World War II-era Manhattan Project, the top-secret government effort to produce the world’s first atomic weapons. The current expansion will require a colossal use of resources, including one that New Mexico has in short supply these days — water.

Last month, the U.S. Department of Energy projected that the Los Alamos expansion would require around 504 million gallons of water annually — about 1.4 million gallons of water per day — for at least another decade. By comparison, a single New Mexico resident uses about 81 gallons per day.

The lab started making plutonium bomb cores, or “pits” for a new generation of warheads well before an environmental impact statement was published in March. In its latest move, however, the Department of Energy has set its sights on an even larger — and thirstier — expansion.

Scroll to top