WIPP
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
On This Page: Current Events / Issues / Facility Description
Current Events
July 11, 2017. SRS Watch reports:
U.S. DOE Documents Obtained via FOIA Request Confirm "Mission Need" to Expand "Dilute and Dispose" Method of Plutonium Disposition at Savannah River Site, Replacing MOX
The "dilute and dispose" process would package and dispose of the plutonium as waste rather than processing it for use as nuclear reactor fuel. The disposal processes consists of mixing plutonium oxide with "stardust," a secret inert material, into small containers that are then placed in drums for geologic disposal.
"Underscoring that there are hurdles for disposal of downblended plutonium via geologic disposal in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which has limited capacity for plutonium waste, one of documents states that "DOE-EM will complete scope needed to support expansion of the repository footprint and extend operations through FY 2050. This scope is intended to support the WIPP Performance Assessment required for implementing the proposed disposition of surplus pit plutonium beginning in FY 2026." For political, legal and technical reasons, expansion of the size of WIPP is now only speculative and any proposed expansion would face opposition in New Mexico." (Source: SRS Watch)
Russia has pulled out of the troubled MOX project
Citing "the threat to strategic stability posed by US hostile actions against Russia". (ref)
Russia's Lavrov: MOX pact exit is a signal to Washington that: "speaking in the language of sanctions & ultimatums won't work" (ref)
The Russian Non-Proliferation Department's official reason: US did not officially inform on planned change of PU disposal method (from MOX plant to WIPP disposal) as required in 2000 pact. (ref)
MOX- a good idea gone bad.
WIPP Pu plans will go on even if Russia quits plutonium deal
The Albuquerque Journal reports: "At Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, the breakdown in the bilateral agreement may deal a decisive blow to already deteriorated relationships between scientists at New Mexico's national laboratories and their Russian counterparts, who had been working together to iron out the technical aspects of plutonium disposition under the deal, according to Don Hancock with the Southwest Research and Information Center in Albuquerque."
Ed Lyman of Union of Concerned Scientists said "Even until last week, the U.S. was optimistic that this was one area that Russia and the U.S. could cooperate." (ref)
But WIPP has its own problems
Part of a ceiling at WIPP just collapsed- the 2nd time it's happened in a week. (ref)
Anyway, WIPP is still closed following the February 2014 explosion of a waste barrel and an ensuing radiation leak. DOE has been saying since February WIPP would open by the end of the year; now DOE is saying 'in the month of December'. (By Christmas?) (ref)
What about Deep Borehole? Not yet.
The first step, a deep borehole test drill, was rejected by communities in both North and South Dakota. (ref) Science notes local "fears that the project would open the county up to a future as a disposal site, or that drilling could go awry and pollute aquifers..."
March 23, 2016:
Stand Against The Rush To Re-Open An Unsafe WIPP
DOE is in a rush to re-open WIPP even though the facility cannot meet the previous operational and safety standards, let alone more stringent requirements that are necessary to prevent future accidents. The WIPP underground remains contaminated, so operations have to be greatly changed, including workers being dressed in 'ebola suits'. Ventilation will not be restored to the pre-2014 levels until 2021 or later - the new system is not designed and how much it will cost is unknown.
Not only is DOE is rushing to re-open WIPP but ALSO wants to expand WIPP to other missions that are prohibited by law. (more info)
What You Can Do:
Contact New Mexico Senators Udall and Heinrich (and other elected officials) and ask them to stop the rush to re-open an unsafe WIPP. Ask them to require DOE to drop the expansion proposals and commit that WIPP will not be considered for high-level waste. Ask them to have Congress reiterate that the WIPP law is not being changed to allow those expansions. Here is a sample letter you can use or modify for use as you wish: PDF.
Jan. 2, 2016, Santa Fe New Mexican:
A History of Innovation and Dysfunction at Los Alamos National Laboratory
"...The electrical accident was the latest in a string of problems for LANS that include injured workers, improperly handled hazardous waste, missing enriched uranium, stolen tools and the public release of classified documents. The most costly incident occurred in 2014, when a container of radioactive waste repackaged at the lab later ruptured in the nation's only underground nuclear waste repository, contaminating workers and costing hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars to clean up.
"Investigators say the problems stem from repeated management weaknesses, the kind that were supposed to get fixed when the Department of Energy turned to private industry in 2006 to oversee the lab...." (read more)
![](https://nukewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/McMillan.jpg)
Dec. 18, 2015:
LANL Management Contract Up For Bid After 2017
LANS failed to get the award term, a condition DOE had set for continuation of the LANL management contract beyond 2017.
The 2006 contract with LANS provides for vacating the contract if the consortium doesn't earn a series of one-year term awards. A year ago the DOE had said, "Having failed to earn contract term extensions for fiscal years 2013 and 2014, and with the revocation of a previous extension, LANS must earn an award term in every future performance period to keep the contract in force beyond fiscal year 2017." This year, low marks in the Operations and Infrastructure category sunk LANS chances for the award term. (more: ABQJournal.com)
- On the Watchblog: Four Strikes and You're Out
- ABQJournal Dec 21: Accidents contribute to loss of contract for LANL operator
- Director McMillan's letter to LANL employees
- Backgrounder: Dec 31, 2014:
Feds slash WIPP contractor performance pay; LANS must improve to avoid loss of lab contract
Los Alamos Town Hall Meeting on WIPP Accident Investigation Board Findings
On Thursday, April 23, the Department of Energy will host a Town Hall meeting in Los Alamos to discuss the Accident Investigation Board (AIB) findings from the Feb. 14, 2014, drum breach that shut the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) down. Members of the AIB, will be on-hand to present the findings and answer questions. The meeting will begin at 5:30 p.m. April 23 at Fuller Lodge, 2123 Central Ave, Los Alamos.
The meeting will be broadcast live on radio stations KRSN 1490 AM and FM 107.1. It will also be audio-streamed live on the KRSN website.
Questions from listeners can be emailed to [email protected]
A video of the meeting will be posted to YouTube Friday titled 'Los Alamos AIB Town Hall'.
- Here is the AIB presentation from Carlsbad which we believe will be given in Los Alamos:
View/download PDF
- Here is the AIB Phase II Report: View/download PDF
DOE's investigation of the February 2014 radiological release event at WIPP found a breached drum within Room 7 of Panel 7 of the underground facility. This drum contains nitrate salt-bearing transuranic TRU waste that originated from Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Los Alamos contractor and other national laboratories experimented and modeled to discern why this drum caused the release. They have yet to find the exact cause.
DOE also transported legacy transuranic waste from the Idaho National Laboratory, Savannah River Site, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to WIPP. The wastes remaining at these sites include some of the more challenging waste forms. The suspension of waste receipts at WIPP led the various storage and generator sites to find temporary storage (both onsite and offsite) for wastes that have been processed and characterized for shipment to WIPP.
On December 6, 2014, Governor Susana Martinez hand-delivered to Department of Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz two Compliance Orders regarding violations of the WIPP and LANL permits related to the February 2014 events at WIPP. The Orders proposed fines of $17,746,250 for WIPP and $36,604,649 for LANL. DOE and its contractors have not agreed to pay any of the fines. If they cannot reach a settlement, hearings would be held, starting on July 27 regarding the WIPP fines, and September 21 regarding the LANL fines.
There also are continuing permit violations at both WIPP and LANL, so additional fines are possible.
The two administrative orders were immediately made available on the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) and WIPP websites. However, the detailed explanations of how the proposed fines were calculated were not made available. Consequently, Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) filed an Inspection of Public Records Act request to NMED and received the documents. Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) website
WIPP Leak: Federal Investigators Blame LANL & WIPP Contractors, DOE, NNSA
The Accident Investigation Board, appointed by the Department of Energy, has found that:
- "Managers at LANL were not receptive to bad news and would retaliate in response to reported issues."
- "Management didn't listen when workers at the waste processing facility reported witnessing 'foaming and an orange or yellow colored smoke' coming from drums.'"
- "One employee also said 'when workers questioned the logic of using organic cat litter, 'they were told to focus on their area of expertise and not to worry about other areas of the procedure.'" (Albuquerque Journal)
"Federal investigators found that a dozen problems at the lab and Department of Energy offices overseeing waste processing contributed to the accident, including failure of Los Alamos National Security to effectively review and control waste packaging, train contractors and identify weaknesses in waste handling. The board also found that contractors Los Alamos National Security and Energy Solutions, and the National Nuclear Security Administration office at the lab failed "to ensure that a strong safety culture existed within... the organization at the lab." (New Mexican)
Critical failures of leadership at every level
New Mexico's congressional delegation said in a joint statement "a series of critical failures of leadership at every level led to the very serious accident and release that put numerous New Mexicans at risk, shuttered WIPP for over a year and (has) already cost taxpayers tens of millions of dollars. This report makes clear that the DOE and its contractors failed to keep faith with the people of New Mexico."
LANL director Charles McMillan wrote in a letter to staff that "the report points out serious deficiencies in our processes and procedures... We now know from the investigations that if LANL had followed certain basic steps, this event would not have happened. Also, if we had complied with our hazardous waste permit, we would have avoided the serious legal and credibility issues we now face... Quite simply, we failed to execute sufficient regulatory and technical reviews in our management of the legacy (transuranic waste) nitrate-salt waste stream."
Director McMillan, whose annual compensation exceeds $1.5 million, outlined LANL's long list of changes and improvements that have been made. "I believe we are turning a corner on this difficult time for the Lab."
One wonders if LANL will be turning that corner together with the current management.
(Sources: Albuquerque Journal, Santa Fe New Mexican, AP Wire News)
Los Alamos: A Whistleblower's Diary
"A shocking account of foul play, theft and abuse at our nation's premier nuclear R&D installation, uncovering a retaliatory culture where those who dare to question pay with their careers and, potentially, their lives.
"Tommy was unrecognizable. His face was swollen, bruised, and stained with blood, his eyes barely visible through ballooning eyelids and a broken jaw. On his cheek was a ghostly imprint- the tread mark of someone's shoe. Suddenly, with a slight movement of his hand, Tommy waved me in closer to hear him. Speaking softly through lips that barely moved, he said, 'Be careful . . . They kept telling me to keep my fucking mouth shut; they kept telling me to keep my fucking mouth shut,' he repeated." (read more excerpts at the book's website)
Los Alamos: A Whistleblower's Diary, by Chuck Montano. Release date April 28, 2015. Pre-order your copy from Amazon.
Chuck Montano serves on Nuclear Watch New Mexico's Steering Committee.
Nov. 18, 2014:
WIPP and That Barrel From LANL: What Really Happened
A six-month investigation by the Santa Fe New Mexican
"In the summer of 2012, Gov. Susana Martinez visited the hilltop facilities of Los Alamos National Laboratory to commemorate a milestone. The lab, under an agreement with the state, had just shipped its 1,000th truckload of Cold War-era nuclear waste from the grounds of Los Alamos to a salt cavern deep under the Southern New Mexico desert.
"The achievement meant the lab was well on its way to meeting a June 30, 2014, deadline imposed by Martinez to remove radioactive gloves, machinery and other equipment left over from decades of nuclear weapons research.
"For Los Alamos National Security LLC, the private consortium that operates the lab, the stakes were high. Meeting the deadline would help it secure an extension of its $2.2 billion annual contract from the U.S. Department of Energy.
"But the following summer, workers packaging the waste came across a batch that was extraordinarily acidic, making it unsafe for shipping. The lab's guidelines called for work to shut down while the batch underwent a rigid set of reviews to determine how to treat it, a time-consuming process that jeopardized the lab's goal of meeting the deadline, and securing an extension on its $2.2 billion annual contract from the DoE.
"Instead, the lab and its various contractors took shortcuts in treating the acidic nuclear waste, adding neutralizer and a wheat-based organic kitty litter to absorb excess liquid. The combination turned the waste into a potential bomb that one lab chemist later characterized as akin to plastic explosives, according to a six-month investigation by The New Mexican.
"The lab then shipped a 55-gallon drum of the volatile material 330 miles to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the nation's only underground repository for nuclear waste, southeast of Carlsbad. Documents accompanying the drum, which were supposed to include a detailed description of its contents, were deeply flawed. They made no mention of the acidity or the neutralizer, and they mischaracterized the kitty litter as a clay-based material not the more combustible organic variety that most chemists would have recognized as hazardous if mixed with waste laden with nitrate salts, according to interviews and a review of thousands of pages of documents and internal emails obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request..."
Get all the details: "LANL officials downplayed waste's dangers even after leak"
Los Alamos Nat'l Lab Director McMillan paid $1.5 million 'annual compensation'
That's up from the $800,348 director's compensation that the same records showed for 2009 and is nearly three times the LANL chief's compensation in 2006, the last year the lab was still run by the University of California. (ref)
DOE IG: Los Alamos Lab Played a Major Role in Causing the WIPP Accidents
Recovery Plan: 5 Years, $500 million
Oct 1. It seems sloppiness and failures by Energy Solutions*, the private contractor charged with mixing and packaging waste at LANL, along with others by 'Nuclear Waste Partnership', operators of WIPP, will close or cripple the $19 billion installation for 5 years and cost the taxpayer $500 million. And that's the DOE estimate.
The Inspector General Report
"A blistering new federal report says Los Alamos National Laboratory failed to follow its own safety procedures and ignored internal reports warning against mixing potentially volatile chemicals in the handling and packaging of nuclear waste- a series of missteps that may have led directly to a radiation leak at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad.
"The report, released Wednesday [Oct 1] by the Department of Energy's Office of Inspector General, paints a disturbing picture of safety and oversight weaknesses at one of the nation's premier nuclear weapons and research laboratories. Though the cause of the leak is still under investigation, the report is the most damning assessment yet of the lab's role in the Feb. 14 incident that exposed more than 20 workers at WIPP to low levels of radioactive contamination and shut down the nation's only underground repository for nuclear waste.
- Patrick Malone, SF New Mexican: Federal report: LANL Violated Environmental Requirements
- DOE Inspector General LANL Report: view/download
The Recovery Plan
"Don Hancock, director of the nuclear waste safety program at the Southwest Research and Information Center, said, 'Thirty-five years ago, DOE was saying WIPP was going to be open by the mid-'80s. Then 25 years ago, in the late '80s, they were saying WIPP was going to be open in the early '90s, and it didn't open until 1999. They weren't realistically looking at what it was going to take to open WIPP then, and now they're not being realistic about when it will reopen. It will take a lot longer than that, and it's going to cost a lot more than they're saying.'
"Without knowing the cause of the leak, the extent of the contamination in the WIPP caverns or whether more breached drums may be lurking in the cavern, Hancock said the Energy Department's recovery plan could be premature. 'Nowhere in the report does it say the fire and radiation leak that happened this year will never happen again', said Hancock, who favors an independent technical investigation and public study to develop a path forward at WIPP that is disconnected from the Energy Department and its contractor operating WIPP, Nuclear Waste Partnership.
"'They're saying, 'Trust us with the safety standards. We'll define what's safe or not.' That's not acceptable,' he said. 'We don't trust them. They've shown themselves not to be trustworthy.' Hancock described the cost estimate outlined in the plan as 'dishonest' because it neglects to mention the more than $150 million in operating expenses at WIPP for the fiscal year ahead, when even the most optimistic estimates envision WIPP will remain mothballed.
"Hancock said the Energy Department's goal of partially reopening WIPP within the next 18 months would be virtually impossible if the department were to follow standard regulatory protocol for the waste dump, which includes public comment on the proposed changes.
"'It's not a recovery plan, it's a shut-out-the-public plan,' Hancock said. 'That's not going to happen. The public is not going to be shut out of this process. It's a nonstarter.'"
- Patrick Malone, SF New Mexican: Cost Of Reviving WIPP After Leak Could Top $500 Million
- DOE Recovery Plan view/download
*On July 2 it was announced that 115 employees of Energy Solutions had been fired.
A Perspective On What's Wrong With, And The Future For, The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) (PDF; 12 pages)
Presentation by Don Hancock of the Southwest Research and Information Center to the Interim Radioactive And Hazardous Materials Committee, September 16, 2014, Carlsbad, NM.
In this report, Hancock lays out in detail why SRIC is calling for "an independent, technical, public investigation". From the intro:
"Among the lessons learned from the February 2014 events:
"-WIPP's mining and nuclear safety cultures are broken
"-The declining safety culture was caused, in part, by DOE and NWP not focusing on safety and the WIPP mission, but rather putting significant management attention, expertise, and money into promoting mission expansion..."
July 21, 2014, Albuquerque Journal:
WIPP Contractor Received $1.9 Million Bonus 5 Days After Fire
"Just five days after an underground truck fire closed the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the Energy Department awarded the contractor that operates the nuclear repository $1.9 million for 'excellent' performance during the past year.
"One radiation leak and two sharply worded accident investigation reports later slamming the same contractor for long-running safety and maintenance problems, that award now looks to some like insult atop injury. How could there have been such a disconnect between the Department of Energy's own assessment of its contractor's performance and what independent investigators would find soon after? The answer isn't clear and neither are the consequences to the DOE's local field office, headquarters or to operating contractor Nuclear Waste Partnership Ð leaving some observers asking why there haven't been more repercussions for documented failings throughout the system..." - Albuquerque Journal, July 20, 2014
Update May 26:
New Mexico Env. Dep't: "Imminent and Substantial Danger to Public Health"
"More than 500" containers packed with the new kitty-litter at Los Alamos, 57 still at LANL, 350 in WIPP, "more than 100" at temporary storage at Waste Control Specialists in Andrews, Texas, pose a potentially "imminent and substantial" danger to public health and the environment. (ref)
![](https://nukewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/WIPP-cracks.jpg)
DOE Statement: Cracked lid, heat damage to LANL container found during May 15 entry
"The team that entered the underground facility yesterday [May 15] was able to get additional visual evidence that shows a damaged waste container, identified as one from Los Alamos National Laboratory. 'In the new pictures, the LANL container has a cracked lid and shows evidence of heat damage. Workers will continue investigating to determine what caused the container breach and if any other containers were involved or damaged,' said a DOE spokesperson." (ref: DOE)
May 14 2014:
Cat litter at center of latest WIPP theory
By Lauren Villagran / Journal Staff Writer - Las Cruces Bureau
"In its only publicized theory, DOE suggested earlier this month that untreated nitrate salts may have combined with 'cellulosic material' - in this case, a new organic cat litter used as an absorbent - to cause a reaction that may have released intense heat. The idea is that the organic, instead of inorganic, cat litter not only didn't do its job but may have precipitated a reaction, according to a former WIPP scientist.
"Nitrates in different forms are used to process plutonium, a radioactive element of nuclear waste, and are present in waste coming not just from LANL but other sites as well.
"A profile of the contents of the stream of LANL waste in question shows that, as recently as last fall, WIPP and the New Mexico Environment Department believed the nitrate salts had been properly handled. The profile said, 'LANL has determined that these salts ... would not stimulate combustion' and also determined 'that nitrate salts, when mixed with inert absorbent material, would further support the managing of the waste as non-ignitable.'" (See ABQ Journal story)
February accidents brief
On February 5, 2014 a diesel powered salt-hauler vehicle caught fire in the underground forcing workers to evacuate and operations to cease. The cause of the fire has not yet been determined, however this event occurred in an area removed from where waste is handled and emplaced. Waste handling operations in the underground will cease while the event is investigated.
On February 14, 2014 at 11:13 PM a continuous air monitoring (CAM) alarm in the underground indicated the detection of radiation above background trigger points. A second alarm followed immediately indicating detection of radiation at higher levels. This triggered a switch from exhausting air to the environment to first passing exhaust air (effluent) through a filtration system before exhausting to the environment.
The WIPP underground remains shut down as the DOE and others investigate the cause of the event that released radioactive material to the underground, exhaust system, and surface. See video of underground Panel 7, Room 7, Entry on Wednesday 4/23
- Radiological Release Accident Investigation Report
The Board concludes that a thorough and conservatively considered hazard analysis, coupled with a robust, tested and well maintained HEPA filter capable exhaust ventilation system could have prevented the unfiltered above ground release that occurred on February 14, 2014.
- Accident Investigation Of The February 5, 2014, Underground Salt Haul Truck Fire At The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
The Board concluded that this accident was preventable.
Backgrounder
The failure of DOE to address WIPP's shortcomings does not build confidence that shipping high-level nuclear waste with about 1,000 times more radioactivity than WIPP is approved to handle would be safe now and for thousands of generations that the wastes are hazardous. Decisions made about expanding WIPP could determine whether southeastern New Mexico becomes the primary target for future nuclear waste storage and disposal or whether WIPP's problems are addressed and a scientifically sound, publicly acceptable national nuclear waste program is finally undertaken.Ê Congress may take action on nuclear waste, so now is the time for people to pay attention. Public action has been important in determining WIPP's role for the past 40 years. (See WIPP: Expanding Threat to Public Health)
What's wrong with WIPP?
The world's first geologic repository for military nuclear waste is making international news because of the radiation leak that was detected late at night on Valentine's Day. An unknown amount of radioactive and toxic chemical waste was released to the environment from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). On February 26, the 13 workers at the site when the leak was detected were notified that they tested positive for internal radiation contamination. (See What's Wrong With WIPP?)
Southwest Research and Information Center:
SRIC believes that the cause of the release must be known, there must be certainty that another radiation release could not occur, the contamination in the underground and on the surface must be completely cleaned up, and workers who were contaminated must receive adequate evaluation and treatment by medical personnel specifically trained to evaluate and treat anyone with internal radiation exposure. (SRIC Report)
Further Issues
WIPP Is Not The Place For Spent Nuclear Fuel And High-Level Waste
In light of the demise of the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada repository, some people are once again considering the WIPP for storage or disposal of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or defense high-level waste (HLW).
At WIPP Environmental Impact Statement hearings in 1979, 1989, and 1997, at various congressional hearings, at numerous other public meetings, in public opinion polls, and at many statements until today, New Mexicans have overwhelmingly opposed spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste at WIPP. Numerous elected officials, including governors, attorneys general, senators, and representatives have also opposed spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste at WIPP. Public activities, political action, litigation, and other measures would be taken to stop spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste transportation, storage, or disposal.
(click to enlarge)
Facility Description
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is a deep geologic repository mined within a salt formation. The WIPP repository is mined within a 2,000-foot-thick bedded-salt formation. The Underground (U/G) is 2,150 feet beneath the ground surface.
Located in southeastern New Mexico near Carlsbad, WIPP was constructed to determine the efficacy of an U/G repository for disposal of transuranic (TRU) waste. Disposal operations began in 1999 and are scheduled to continue for 35 years.
DOE was authorized by Public Law 96-164, Department of Energy National Nuclear Security and Military Applications of Nuclear Energy Authorization Act of 1980, to provide a research and development facility for demonstrating the safe, permanent disposal of TRU wastes from national defense activities and programs of the United States exempted from regulations by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The WIPP Land Withdrawal Act, Public Law 102-579, as amended by Public Law 104-201, authorized the disposal of 6.2 million cubic feet of defense TRU waste at the WIPP facility. The WIPP facility operates in several regulatory regimes. DOE has authority over the general operation of the facility, including radiological operations prior to closure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 191 and 194, certifies the long-term radiological performance of the repository over a 10,000-year compliance period after closure of the facility. The State of New Mexico, through EPA delegation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), has issued a Hazardous Waste Facility Permit for the disposal of the hazardous waste component of the TRU waste. Additionally, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is required to perform four inspections per year of WIPP.
TRU waste is categorized as "contact-handled" or "remote-handled" based on the amount of radiation dose measured at the surface of the waste container. Contact-handled waste has a radiation dose rate not greater than 200 millirem (mrem) per hour, while remote-handled waste can have a dose rate up to 1,000 rem per hour. About 96 percent of the waste to be disposed at WIPP is contact-handled. TRU waste is long-lived and has to be isolated to protect public health and the environment.
Four shafts connect the U/G area with the surface. The Waste Shaft headframe and hoist are located within the Waste Handling Building and are used to transport TRU mixed waste, equipment, and materials to the repository. The Waste Hoist can also be used to transport personnel and materials. The Air Intake Shaft (AIS) and the Salt Handling Shaft provide ventilation to all areas of the U/G except for the Waste Shaft station. This area is ventilated by the Waste Shaft itself. The Salt Handling Shaft is also used to hoist mined salt to the surface and serves as the principal personnel transport shaft. The Exhaust Shaft serves as a common exhaust air duct for all areas of the U/G.
Savannah River Site
Description and Current Mission
The Savannah River Site (SRS) occupies some 300 sq-mi of south-central South Carolina along the Savannah River between the towns of Barnwell and Aiken. The city of Augusta, Georgia is fifteen miles northwest of the site. The facility is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC, a consortium headed by Flour Daniel, Northrop Grumman, and Honeywell. It employs about 9,000 people, of which 1,400 support NNSA activities. This huge reservation was established by eminent domain in November 1950 and construction was largely completed by 1956. At its peak, the plant included five heavy-water-moderated production reactors; fabrication facilities for enriched-uranium driver fuel and targets for plutonium and tritium production; a heavy water plant; a tritium extraction, purification, and reservoir-loading complex; and two chemical separation plants. Over a 35-year period, the plant produced all of the tritium and a portion of the plutonium used in the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile.
Following the end of the Cold War, production of weapons materials ceased and the remaining production reactors were shut down. Tritium purification and loading operations have continued, but the main mission of SRS for the past two decades has been nuclear waste management and environmental cleanup. The cleanup of SRS has already cost tens of billions of dollars and no end is yet in sight.
In the late 1990s, SRS acquired a new mission in a non-proliferation deal with the Russians that remains controversial- 'disposition' of 34 metric tons of excess weapons-grade plutonium by converting it into plutonium-uranium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel for use in commercial nuclear reactors. Use of this technology in the civil sector creates inventories of separated plutonium potentially usable in weapons, and thus has significant negative implications for nuclear security and non-proliferation. A Mixed Oxide (MOX) Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF) is currently under construction at SRS, which is slated to cost at least $5 billion. Operation of the MFFF will require weapons plutonium feedstock that has been converted from metallic to oxide form. This in turn will require construction of a Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility (PDCF), currently estimated to cost $2 billion.
The reprocessing, waste management, and environmental remediation missions at SRS are under the direction of the DOE's Environmental Management Program, while the MOX disposition effort falls within the purview of NNSA's Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Program.
The only activities at SRS that continue to support the nuclear weapons stockpile, and therefore remain a part of NNSA's nuclear weapons complex, are the tritium missions, which employ some 450 workers, and involve extraction, purification, and loading of tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is used to 'boost' the performance of the plutonium pit primaries in nuclear weapons. (More details)
Savannah River Site Tritium Missions:
- Tritium Supply - extraction of tritium from irradiated target rods and management of the tritium inventory for the nuclear stockpile.
- Nuclear Stockpile Maintenance - loading of tritium and deuterium into reservoirs that are used in the gas transfer system of a nuclear weapon.
- Nuclear Stockpile Evaluation - surveillance of gas transfer systems to assure reliability in the absence of nuclear testing.
- Helium-3 Recovery - recovery of this byproduct of tritium's radioactive decay for use in neutron detectors and various commercial applications.
(Source: National Nuclear Security Administration)
The recently modernized SRS Tritium Facilities consist of an interconnected set of production, processing, support, and administrative buildings located within a 25-acre compound in the H-Area.
The New Manufacturing Building is the reservoir loading and unloading facility. This underground facility has been in operation since 1993 and houses the gas processing systems necessary to remove, separate, and purify hydrogen isotope gas streams (primarily recycled from active or retired nuclear weapons). The desired mix of isotopes is then reloaded into reservoirs destined to be put back into weapons in the active stockpile.
Manufacturing Building No. 3 is primarily used for reservoir finishing, quality assurance activities, and shipping and receiving of reservoirs. This building also houses an analytical laboratory, an inert reservoir loading facility, and other support activities.
The Pressure Testing Facility is the Helium-3 (He-3) processing facility. This facility is nearing the end of its useful life. He-3 processing is scheduled to be relocated into the New Manufacturing Building.
The Material Testing Facility, completed in 2004, contains environmental chambers and ovens, which support the reservoir storage program, and a metallurgical laboratory used for analysis of tritium-contaminated components.
The Reclamation Building is a contaminated machine shop used to reclaim reservoirs that were returned from the field. During this process, the existing fill stem is removed and replaced with a new stem. The reservoir is subsequently inspected and returned to 'War Reserve' status.
Production of tritium now occurs off-site, in 'Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rods' (TPBARs) that are irradiated in the cores of TVA's Watts Bar nuclear reactors. The irradiated TPBARs are shipped from Tennessee to the SRS H-Area Tritium Facilities, where they are processed in the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF), which was completed in November 2006. This facility has two parts- the Remote Handling Building, where tritium is extracted from the TPBARs by heating them in furnaces, and a Processing Building, where the gas is purified before being transferred to the New Manufacturing Building for reservoir loading.
NNSA also performs surveillance on gas transfer systems at SRS. This includes extensive testing and metallographic evaluation. Reservoirs are then reloaded, reinspected, and shipped to either DoD sites for exchange operations involving active stockpile weapons, or to NNSA's Pantex Plant for installation in weapons undergoing Life Extension Programs.
SRS in NNSA's 'Complex Transformation'
Under Complex Transformation, NNSA is planning to continue all current activities at SRS, to transfer tritium R&D activities from other sites to SRS, and to expand operations in support of reactor-based disposition of excess plutonium. NNSA's plan includes building both the PDCF and a new Waste Solidification Building (to treat waste from the MFFF and the PDCF) at SRS.
In Our Backyard Podcast By Jenn Galler - Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League's (BREDL) Podcast on environmental issues that are right in our backyards
DECEMBER 4, 2020 Tom Clements is Director at Savannah River Site Watch or SRS Watch for short. They are working for the public interest by monitoring activities at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina and other DOE and commercial nuclear projects in the southeastern U.S. region and beyond & striving to halt proliferation of weapons-usable materials.
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a nuclear reservation in South Carolina, located on land in Aiken, Allendale, and Barnwell counties adjacent to the Savannah River, 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Augusta, Georgia. The site was built during the 1950s to refine nuclear materials for deployment in nuclear weapons.
Sandia Labs
Description and Current Mission
There are three major nuclear weapons laboratories in the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA's) nuclear weapons complex, Los Alamos (LANL), Lawrence Livermore, and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). LANL was, of course, the birthplace of atomic weapons during the WWII years, while Livermore was founded in 1952 to develop the thermonuclear H-Bomb.
Sandia is a direct descendent of the Manhattan Project's engineering division that turned the devices into deployable weapons that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In July 1945, the forerunner of Sandia Laboratory, known as Los Alamos' 'Z' Division, was established at what is now Kirtland Air Force Base on the east edge of Albuquerque to handle nonnuclear components weapons development, testing, and bomb assembly for the Manhattan Project. Sandia became a separate lab in 1949.
Sandia is the most diverse of the three nuclear weapons labs. Long operated by the Sandia Corporation, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lockheed Martin Corporation, it is now managed by Honeywell's NTESS. All three directors of the nuclear weapons labs have an inherent conflict-of-interest in that they also act as the presidents of the executive boards of the for-profit limited liability corporations running the labs.
Pantex Plant
Description and Current Mission
Although there have been no completely new weapon designs assembled since 1991, technicians at Pantex continue to disassemble and reassemble existing weapons in connection with NNSA programs to evaluate, repair, modify, and certify them.
The Pantex Plant is located on 16,000 acres in the panhandle of Texas (hence "Pantex"), approximately 17 miles northeast of Amarillo. The facility is operated by Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services. Pantex currently employs about 3,300 people in support of NNSA activities.
Built by the U.S. Army in 1942, the site was originally a munitions plant for artillery shells and bombs. At the end of World War II, the Plant closed but was subsequently refurbished in 1951 to perform final nuclear weapons assembly work. Between 1965 and 1975, the Atomic Energy Commission (DOE's predecessor) consolidated various assembly, modification, and high explosive missions at Pantex from other sites in the nuclear weapons complex, leaving it as the only production plant in the United States where nuclear weapons are fully assembled and disassembled. Nuclear policy decisions and international treaties in the 1990s led to the requirement for Pantex to dismantle a portion of the large Cold War nuclear weapons stockpile. Plutonium pits from these dismantled weapons are currently stored at Pantex.
Although the majority of operations occur on just 2,000 acres, the Department of Energy owns 10,380 acres at the Pantex Plant itself and another 1,077 acres called Pantex Lake about two miles away. An additional 5,800 acres of land south of the main Plant is leased from Texas Tech University as a safety and security buffer.
Pantex is the principal facility in the U.S. nuclear weapons complex for the handling of nuclear weapons in their entirety. Although there have been no completely new weapon designs assembled since 1991, technicians at Pantex continue to disassemble and reassemble existing weapons in connection with NNSA programs to evaluate, repair, modify, and certify them. Under the Life Extension Program (LEP), Pantex disassembles nuclear weapons and reassembles them using new and in some cases redesigned components. Pantex stores approximately 4,000 plutonium pits as a "strategic reserve" and 14,000 pits in all, including excess pits that are awaiting final disposition. Pantex is currently authorized to store up to 20,000 pits.
Pantex is also responsible for manufacturing, testing, and qualifying explosives and explosive components for NNSA's nuclear weapons programs.
Major Facilities at Pantex
Many of Pantex's buildings are between 30 and 60 years old and were designed prior to the current mission. Although there have been new facilities constructed, the total site footprint has remained near 3 million sq-ft.
Pantex has several numbered functional areas. Zone 12 is the weapons assembly/disassembly area. Operations in its 'Nuclear Explosive Bays' include the complete assembly/disassembly of nuclear weapons containing insensitive high explosives (IHE), the partial assembly/disassembly of weapons containing conventional high explosives (HE) and the testing and storage of tritium reservoirs. 'Nuclear Explosive Cells' provide testing or support facilities for weapons and weapons components that contain special nuclear material. Also in Zone 12 are 'Pit Vaults' that provide temporary staging for weapon components that contain radioactive or special nuclear materials such as plutonium pits, canned subassemblies (the nuclear weapons 'secondaries'), radioisotopic thermoelectric generators, and tritium reservoirs.
Zone 11 has 'Explosives Manufacturing' buildings totaling 113,450 sq-ft that are used to produce the main HE charges for nuclear weapons and to conduct HE research and development. There are also 46 Explosives Staging structures used to store all types of HE and IHE, occupying approximately 63,300 square feet. Key facilities for Testing and Evaluation of both HE and IHE, including test firing of explosives and non-destructive evaluation of explosives, total approximately 68,200 square feet.
The 'Nuclear Staging Facilities' storage magazines are located in the western part of Zone 4. These magazines, originally built for storing conventional munitions, are now used for interim storage of complete nuclear weapons, weapons components and other material. The total storage area is 71,362 square feet. There are also other functional areas in Zone 4 such as an explosives test firing facility and a burning ground for disposing of explosive materials.
The 'Weapons Evaluation Test Laboratory' (WETL), operated by the Sandia Labs, has been located at Pantex since 1966. WETL evaluates weapon subsystems in a laboratory environment in order to detect potential defects in stockpiled weapons.
At the 'Special Nuclear Material Requalification Facility' NNSA plans to use non-intrusive processes to re-certify up to 350 plutonium pits for reuse annually, some of which may be modified before being returned to the stockpile. The Plant itself has boasted how pit reuse is much less expensive and environmentally damaging than the production of new pits.
Pantex in NNSA’s “Complex Transformation”
NNSA's Complex Transformation plan calls for continued use of Pantex for warhead assembly and disassembly and adds some non-destructive surveillance work now done at LLNL. Pantex is also to be the "Center of Excellence" for high explosives production and machining. Category I/II SNM are to be consolidated to Zone 12 so Zone 4 can be closed. NNSA plans to reduce Pantex's security perimeter by 45% and the total building footprint by 25%. NNSA projects that the Plant's workforce level will be reduced by 5% to 10% over the next decade.
NNSA proposes to construct several new facilities at Pantex. A new underground storage facility for plutonium pits is intended to improve security and reduce costs. A new Weapons Surveillance facility for non-destructive weapon and pit surveillance is planned to supplement the existing WETL. In addition, the High Explosive Component Fabrication and Qualification Facility would replace World War II-era facilities. Finally, a new high explosive pressing facility would support the projected workload for the ongoing W76 LEP and pending LEPs (the W78 and W88) over the next 10 years.
Source: Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network, April 2009.
The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Nevada NNS
Description and Current Mission
The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2), formerly known as the Nevada Test Site, is a critical facility within the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) nuclear weapons complex. Located 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, N2S2 spans approximately 1,350 square miles. Historically, this site was central to the United States' nuclear weapons testing program, conducting nearly 1,000 nuclear tests from 1951 until the U.S. moratorium on full-scale nuclear testing began in 1992. Since then, the site has shifted its focus to subcritical experiments and other nuclear-related activities, although its legacy of nuclear testing remains a significant concern.
As of FY 2025, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) continues to oversee operations at N2S2, which is managed by Mission Support and Test Services, LLC—a consortium that includes Northrop Grumman, Amentum, and Atkins. The site employs approximately 2,085 personnel, who are primarily engaged in weapons-related activities.
In the FY 2025 budget, the NNSA has allocated approximately $365 million for nuclear weapons activities at N2S2, reflecting an increase from previous years. This funding supports a range of operations, including subcritical nuclear experiments, the storage of special nuclear materials (SNM), and various high-hazard testing and experimentation activities .
Subcritical Experiments and Nuclear Testing
Although full-scale nuclear testing ceased in 1992, N2S2 remains a key site for subcritical experiments—tests that involve nuclear materials but do not result in a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. These experiments are intended to gather data on the behavior of nuclear materials under extreme conditions. Subcritical tests, while not violating the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), undermine global nonproliferation efforts by perpetuating the development and maintenance of nuclear weapons (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
Special Nuclear Materials and Environmental Concerns
N2S2 also serves as a storage site for Category I/II quantities of special nuclear materials (SNM), including plutonium and highly enriched uranium, which are remnants from previous weapons programs. The storage and management of these materials at N2S2 raise significant safety and environmental concerns, particularly given the site's history of contamination and its classification as a "Superfund" site by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The site also handles the disposal of low-level radioactive waste from across the nuclear weapons complex. The environmental legacy of N2S2 is a source of ongoing concern, with critics arguing that the continued storage and testing activities only exacerbate the site's long-term contamination issues (LLNL).
Major NNSA Facilities at N2S2
- U1a Complex: This underground facility is primarily used for subcritical experiments. The complex consists of tunnels located deep beneath the surface, where nuclear materials are subjected to high pressures and temperatures. These experiments are critical for gathering data to support the Stockpile Stewardship Program, yet they also raise concerns about the ongoing reliance on nuclear weapons.
- Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER): A gas gun facility used to study the properties of plutonium and other actinide materials under extreme conditions. The data collected here is used to refine the predictive models of nuclear weapons performance, which are critical for the maintenance of the nuclear stockpile without live testing.
- Big Explosives Experimental Facility (BEEF): The largest explosives testing facility at N2S2, capable of handling detonations of up to 70,000 pounds of TNT. BEEF is used for a variety of experiments, including hydrodynamic tests and the development of technologies to disable or render safe nuclear devices. The facility's activities, however, contribute to concerns about the environmental impact of ongoing explosives testing .
- Device Assembly Facility (DAF): Originally intended for assembling nuclear devices for testing, the DAF now serves multiple roles, including the storage of SNM and the fabrication of components for subcritical experiments. Despite its state-of-the-art security features, the facility has faced criticism for lacking a clearly defined mission in the post-testing era.
Future Challenges and Controversies
Looking forward, the NNSA's plans for N2S2 include enhancing its capabilities as a "Center of Excellence for High-Hazard Testing and Experimentation," as outlined in the Complex Transformation plan. This includes the relocation of additional test facilities and SNM from other sites within the nuclear weapons complex to N2S2.
Critics argue that these expansions only reinforce the U.S. commitment to maintaining a robust nuclear arsenal at a time when international pressure for disarmament is increasing. Additionally, the environmental and safety concerns associated with the continued operation and expansion of N2S2 remain unresolved, raising questions about the long-term sustainability of these activities in light of global nuclear nonproliferation goals .
Source: Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network, April 2009.
The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Building the Atom Bomb- The Full Story of the Nevada Test Site
From 1951, over four decades, the US government carried out almost a thousand nuclear tests at this test site, earning it the nickname of the "most bombed place on Earth". The Guardian has done an excellent interactive documentary of the Nevada Test Site- precursor to the Nevada National Security Site- with a series of video segments composed of archival footage. See the interactive presentation.
Los Alamos National Lab
Description and Current Mission
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), located in north-central New Mexico, was founded during World War II as a secret laboratory for the Manhattan Project. This effort led to the development of the first atomic bombs, including the "Trinity Test" on July 16, 1945, and the subsequent bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. After the war, LANL continued to play a central role in the development of nuclear weapons, including the modern hydrogen bombs (H-bombs).
Los Alamos Lab FY 2025 Budget Request
In contrast to the sharp jump in nuclear weapons spending that will bring more contamination and radioactive wastes, funding for cleanup and disposition of excess facilities at the Los Alamos Lab is taking a major cut from $331.8 million in FY 2024 to $280.9 million in FY 2025 (-15.3%). https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/doe-fy-2025-budget-in-brief-v2.pdf, page 69
Current Role and Nuclear Weapons Missions:
Today, LANL remains deeply involved in the U.S. nuclear weapons program. Five of the seven warhead types in the planned enduring stockpile are designed by LANL. These include the B61 gravity bomb, the W76 for submarine-launched ballistic missiles, the W78 for intercontinental ballistic missiles, the W80 for sea-launched cruise missiles, and the W88 for submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
Despite discussions about mission diversification, nuclear weapons research and production continue to dominate LANL’s activities. The Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) have consistently allocated the majority of LANL’s budget to these programs. For FY 2024, LANL received a substantial increase in funding for plutonium pit production, a critical component of nuclear weapons. This funding was raised to $1.76 billion, reflecting a 14% increase from the previous year.
LANL’s primary nuclear weapons missions include:
- Research, design, development, and simulated testing of nuclear weapons.
- Life Extension Programs for nuclear weapons.
- Limited production of plutonium pits, currently authorized for up to 20 per year, but with significant future expansion planned.
- Manufacture of nuclear weapon detonators.
- Research and development related to enriched and depleted uranium components.
- Assessment and certification of the existing nuclear stockpile.
- Tritium and high explosives research and development.
- Explosive hydrodynamic testing of surrogate plutonium pits.
Plutonium Complex at LANL:
LANL’s Technical Area-55 (TA-55) hosts Plutonium Facility-4 (PF-4), the only fully operational plutonium pit production facility in the U.S. These plutonium pits are vital as the "primary" stage in modern nuclear weapons, setting off the fusion reaction in the "secondary" stage. LANL is also home to the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) Project, which has been a point of contention due to concerns about its alignment with future non-nuclear missions at the lab. The expansion of pit production has drawn criticism for potentially locking LANL into a continued focus on nuclear weapons rather than diversifying to
Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact:
LANL’s presence has significantly influenced the local economy and demographics. Los Alamos County is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a population that is predominantly white, contrasting sharply with New Mexico's overall demographics and high poverty rates. Despite LANL’s economic impact, New Mexico ranks low in per capita income and has a high poverty rate, especially among children.
Moreover, LANL's operations have left a legacy of environmental contamination, particularly from Cold War-era activities. Cleanup costs are estimated to range from $2 billion to over $30 billion, depending on the level of remediation approved by the New Mexico Environment Department. Critics argue that funds should prioritize cleaning up existing contamination rather than expanding nuclear weapons facilities.
Overview on the Future of LANL:
The ongoing expansion of plutonium pit production at LANL has been criticized by nuclear watchdogs and experts. They argue that increasing pit production may undermine efforts to reduce the global nuclear threat and could lead to significant environmental and financial costs. Critics also question the need for new pits, given that existing ones have been shown to remain reliable for at least a century. Additionally, there are concerns that the focus on nuclear weapons detracts from addressing more pressing security challenges like climate change and global health issues.
The debate over LANL’s mission reflects broader tensions between national security priorities and the need for sustainable, diversified research that addresses contemporary global challenges.
Lawrence Livermore Lab
Description and Current Mission
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is one of two laboratories responsible for the design of every nuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal. It was established in 1952, spearheaded by Edward Teller and Ernest O. Lawrence, to accelerate the development of the Hydrogen Bomb and to provide competition for the weapons designers at New Mexico’s Los Alamos National Laboratory.
LLNL operates on two physical sites: the Main Site, which spans 820 acres in Livermore, California (about 40 miles east of San Francisco), and Site 300, located on 7,000 acres between Livermore and Tracy, California, in a hilly region near Interstate 580.
Nuclear weapons activities have historically dominated LLNL's budget and operations. For example, in Fiscal Year 2025, almost 85 percent of the Department of Energy's (DOE) budget request for the Lab was allocated to nuclear weapons-related activities. While the University of California managed LLNL for much of its history, since 2007, the Lab has been operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. This consortium includes Bechtel National, the University of California, Babcock and Wilcox, the Washington Division of URS Corporation, and Battelle. The Laboratory employs approximately 8,000 people, with around 4,500 dedicated to National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) weapons activities.
Lawrence Livermore FY 2025 Budget Request
The Administration’s Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY25) for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been released and it tops $2.5 billion for the first time. The Lab’s overall budget is up 5% over the FY24 Annualized Continuing Resolution (a measure of the budget during 2024 which was passed in piecemeal with “continuing resolutions” every few months until March 2024.) Tri-Valley CAREs has long advocated for Livermore Lab to grow its civilian science mission and shrink its weapons focus. This year’s budget request shows that we have our work cut out for us by throwing money at the new nuclear arms race, while limiting funds for civilian sciences and cleanup projects.
Chart by Tri-Valley CARES
Currently, LLNL's activities include:
- Research, design, and development of nuclear weapons
- Assessment and certification of stockpiled weapons
- Tritium research and development
- Explosive hydrodynamic tests at the Contained Firing Facility at Site 300
- High explosives research and development
- Environmental testing of nuclear weapons to determine survivability under varied conditions
- Operation of laser facilities
- Development of capabilities to fabricate fusion and fission targets for the National Ignition Facility laser
- Design and testing of advanced technology concepts
- Biodefense experiments
National Security and Nuclear Stockpile Stewardship
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) remains heavily focused on its nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship mission, despite the evolving global security environment that increasingly questions the reliance on nuclear deterrence. The lab's FY 2025 plan continues to prioritize life extension programs (LEPs) for aging nuclear warheads, ensuring they remain viable without actual nuclear testing. This approach perpetuates a reliance on nuclear weapons at a time when global disarmament should be a priority. Furthermore, the heavy investment in extending the life of nuclear weapons suggests a long-term commitment to maintaining a sizable arsenal, which conflicts with broader international nonproliferation goals.
Nonproliferation and Homeland Security
While LLNL is tasked with supporting nonproliferation and homeland security, its role in these areas is often overshadowed by its primary focus on nuclear weapons. The lab’s efforts to secure nuclear materials and prevent the spread of nuclear weapons knowledge are crucial, but they also highlight the inherent risks involved in the continued existence and modernization of nuclear arsenals.
Complex Transformation and High Explosives R&D
The National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Complex Transformation plan significantly expands LLNL’s role in high explosives research. By designating LLNL as the "High Explosives Research & Development Center" for the entire nuclear weapons complex, the plan entrenches the lab’s focus on enhancing the destructive capabilities of nuclear weapons. Critics argue that this focus on explosives development is a step backward in efforts to reduce nuclear risks globally. The proposed expansion of the High Explosives Application Facility (HEAF), which would increase the lab’s capacity to produce specialized explosive components, has sparked environmental and safety concerns. These concerns are particularly acute given the history of contamination and accidents associated with explosive research at the lab (LLNL) (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
Centers of Excellence and New Facility Developments
LLNL’s designation as a "Center of Excellence" for nuclear design and engineering reflects its central role in the ongoing modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. The push to construct new facilities, such as the Weapons Engineering Science and Technology (WEST) Facility and the Materials Science Modernization Facility, underscores a deepening commitment to nuclear weapons development at a time when international pressure for disarmament is growing. The WEST facility, in particular, has faced delays and cost uncertainties, which have fueled criticism that the lab is prioritizing nuclear weapons over other scientific pursuits. These projects represent a significant investment in infrastructure that could be better spent on alternative, non-military applications of science and technology.
LLNL's Major Current and Planned Facilities
Superblock Plutonium Facility: The Plutonium Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has remained a focal point for plutonium research and stockpile management despite concerns and controversies. Despite a 2008 commitment to remove all weapons-usable plutonium by the end of 2012 due to security concerns, including a failed security test, the facility still manages plutonium for research and certification of nuclear weapons. These activities raise questions about the ongoing risk of nuclear material theft or accident.
Tritium Facility: The Tritium Facility, also located in the Superblock, has been modernized to support the National Ignition Facility (NIF – see below) and other nuclear-related experiments. While it plays a crucial role in producing tritium and hydrogen targets for fusion experiments, concerns about the facility's environmental and safety impacts persist, particularly given its role in handling hazardous materials. Despite these upgrades, the facility's expanded activities further entrench LLNL's involvement in nuclear weapons development.
National Ignition Facility (NIF): The National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been a significant point of contention. While the facility finally achieved a fusion ignition milestone in December 2022—decades behind schedule and after more than $8 billion in costs—its contribution to the Stockpile Stewardship Program has been criticized. The NIF’s failure to achieve ignition for years led to skepticism about its utility and cost-effectiveness. Critics argue that the vast expenditure, justified as necessary for maintaining the nuclear arsenal without testing, has yielded limited tangible benefits, further fueling debates about the program’s overall direction and priorities (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF): HEAF supports a wide range of high-explosives research and development activities. While its expansion under the Complex Transformation plan has increased its capacity to produce and test explosives, this has raised environmental and safety concerns, particularly as LLNL seeks to push the limits of explosive research. The planned HEAF Annex, aimed at enhancing the lab's ability to produce specialized explosive components, has sparked debate over the necessity and safety of such developments in the context of global nonproliferation goals (LLNL).
Weapons Engineering Science & Technology (WEST) Facility: The proposed WEST facility was envisioned as a centerpiece for LLNL’s role in nuclear design and engineering. However, its delayed construction and uncertain costs have cast doubt on the project’s feasibility and relevance. Critics argue that the facility’s mission—supporting nuclear weapons development—runs counter to broader disarmament efforts and may represent a misallocation of resources in an era where nuclear arms reduction should be prioritized.
Materials Science Modernization Facility: Similar to the WEST facility, the Materials Science Modernization Facility is intended to bolster LLNL’s capacity in nuclear design. However, like the WEST facility, it remains largely on the drawing board. The lack of clear timelines and funding has led to criticism that these projects may perpetuate LLNL's focus on nuclear weapons at the expense of other scientific pursuits.
Biosafety Level-3 Facility: LLNL’s BSL-3 facility, operational since 2008, has been a point of concern due to its research on bio-warfare agents. While the lab justifies this work as crucial for national security, critics worry about the potential for accidents or misuse of the research, particularly in light of the facility’s work with lethal pathogens and genetic modifications. The presence of such a facility at a site historically associated with nuclear weapons development further complicates public perceptions of LLNL’s role in both biodefense and biosecurity (LLNL).
Site 300: Site 300 remains a controversial site due to its long history of explosives testing and the associated environmental contamination. Despite efforts to clean up the site, which has been on the EPA’s Superfund list since 1990, concerns persist about the long-term environmental and health impacts of continued testing. The site still operates several open-air firing tables and the Contained Firing Facility, where hydrodynamic tests involving hazardous materials are conducted. These operations contribute to ongoing debates over the environmental costs of LLNL’s activities, especially given the site's proximity to populated areas (LLNL).
Environmental Status
Both the LLNL Main Site and Site 300 are long-standing entries on the EPA’s Superfund list, indicating significant environmental contamination that requires ongoing remediation. While progress has been made in some areas, the full cleanup is a slow and costly process. Critics argue that the lab’s continued expansion of its nuclear and explosive testing capabilities further complicates these efforts and perpetuates environmental risks (LLNL).
This integrated overview of LLNL's facilities reflects ongoing debates about the lab's role in nuclear weapons development, the environmental and security risks associated with its operations, and the broader implications for national and global security.
Overview of the Superfund Cleanup of Toxic & Radioactive Contamination at Livermore Lab
By Tri-‐Valley CAREs’ executive director, Marylia Kelley, & environmental scientist, Peter Strauss, May 2017
Nuclear weapons activities at the Livermore Lab Main Site and its Site 300 high explosives testing range have resulted in hundreds of documented toxic and radioactive releases to our air, soil, groundwater and surface waters. These activities, and the dangers they pose, are ongoing.
Both locations are federal "Superfund" sites. The EPA placed the Livermore Lab Main Site, located on East Avenue in Livermore, CA, on its list of most poisoned sites in the country in 1987. Site 300, located on Corral Hollow Road near Tracy, joined the Superfund roster in 1990.
The cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater aquifers at both locations is complex and includes multiple and often commingled plumes of hazardous and radioactive wastes, involving uranium, tritium, volatile organic compounds, high explosives, hexavalent chromium and others. The cleanup timeframe is multi-‐generational and will take 50-‐80 years, or more.
The necessity to address this pollution more urgent then ever, due in part to federal budgetary problems, which have the effect of doing “less” environmental protection rather than “more”. Further, the Livermore Lab has delayed technical progress on the cleanup and abandoned crucial community involvement obligations.
Livermore Lab’s Main Site is just over one square mile, houses nuclear materials, and sits in a heavily populated area less than 200 feet from an earthquake fault zone. The EPA has calculated that the largest off-‐site groundwater contaminant plume could affect City water wells. If that occurs, it is estimated to result in an additional one cancer for every thousand Livermore residents drinking the water.
Site 300 essentially encompasses 2 earthquake faults. It conducts Livermore Lab’s major high explosives tests and has multiple old, unlined dumpsites with leaking radioactive and toxic wastes. Site 300 is 11 square miles and sits just west of downtown Tracy and east of Livermore. Like the Main Site, it is part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration nuclear weapons complex. Over the years, Tracy has expanded westward toward Site 300, and a residential development of 5,500 homes was recently approved near Site 300.
Since it was founded in 1955, Site 300 operations have included open-‐air blasts with high explosives and multiple toxic and radioactive materials used in nuclear weapons. Current operations include contained detonations, open-‐air blasts, explosive and hazardous waste burning, and radioactive and hazardous waste storage. Prevailing winds blow contamination into the Central Valley, and, particularly, to Tracy.
At Site 300, the EPA estimated the risk of drinking the water at pumped from wells at the fence line of this 11 square mile site was estimated to result in one cancer for every hundred people.
In addition groundwater is used for irrigation near both of these sites. While we have not yet seen farmers trading off the risks of using contaminated water to grow food, that day may come unless there is a continued effort by Livermore Lab to contain and clean up the groundwater contaminant plumes.
After years of cleanup these risks have decreased; nevertheless it is still urgent that all potential drinking water be cleaned up. However, at the Main Site and Site 300, the Superfund cleanup process has gotten off-‐track, and too many decisions are being made informally and out of public view. The power of our voices is a vitally needed antidote to bureaucratic inertia and the pollution lurking in our environment.
Lab's "Public Involvement" is Broken
At the Main Site, Livermore Lab has not held a meeting of its official "Community Work Group" to oversee Superfund cleanup decisions for nearly five years. The public is being systematically excluded. At Site 300, a pressing problem is the lack of any official process to involve the public in Superfund cleanup decisions. There is no "Community Work Group."
Tri-‐Valley CAREs’ Goals for Public Participation and Cleanup
Our overall aim is to improve the quality and quantity of the Superfund cleanup at the Livermore Lab Main Site and Site 300. We believe that the remedy choices and cleanup levels chosen must reflect the entire community's input, not just that of the polluter and the federal and state regulatory agencies. The public that bears the health risks must be given the tools and the opportunities to decide "how clean is clean?" and which technologies for conducting the cleanup are acceptable. Because the cleanup has taken so long, and is projected to last until the beginning of the next century, Livermore Lab needs to develop plans that inform and involve the community, so that community concerns are not overlooked.
The solution is to strengthen the overall participation of community residents in Superfund decision-‐ making. We at Tri-‐Valley CAREs can help by conducting outreach to Spanish speakers, instituting an environmentally focused Youth Video Contest and other student activities, and conducting workshops and community meetings, such as the one we are planning this fall in Tracy. And, we have instituted a Tracy Superfund Advisory Committee. That said, we must also continue to insist that, as the polluter, Livermore Lab steps up to its public engagement responsibilities more fully.
Key Questions for the Future
Along with renewed public involvement, there is a need to improve the management of pollutants and the cleanup technologies used at the Main Site and Site 300.
At the Main Site, the Lab has deferred completing a focused feasibility study to address the commingling of radioactive tritium and chlorinated solvents. Presently there is no role for the community in remedy selection. Moreover, there are several "pilot projects" underway requiring greater community oversight.
They involve bio-‐remediation, injection of zero-‐valent iron, and in-‐situ thermal treatment of contaminants. Decisions will be made about where and when to use these technologies. Residents need to be at the table.
At Site 300, there is incomplete characterization of contaminants in soils, particularly in two areas used for bomb design tests involving depleted uranium, or DU, as well as issues concerning high explosive contamination of soils and groundwater. The remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the best DU cleanup technology and the cleanup levels to be attained is lagging behind schedule and lacking any regular public involvement process.
Kansas City Plant
Description and Current Mission
The Kansas City Plant (KCP) has most of its operations in Missouri, with satellite facilities in Arkansas and New Mexico. The main facility is located on 122 acres of the 300-acre Bannister Federal Complex (BFC), 12 miles south of downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The BFC is owned by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), which leases the KCP portion to NNSA. The facility is operated by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies and employs approximately 2,400 people in support of NNSA activities.
The Kansas City Plant was built during World War II to assemble engines for Navy fighter planes. After the war, the Atomic Energy Commission contracted the Bendix Corporation to manage production of nonnuclear components for nuclear weapons at the Plant. The KCP has been the primary site for conducting that mission ever since.
In addition to making nuclear weapons parts for NNSA, the KCP makes parts for other DOE offices, DoD, other government agencies, and the United Kingdom. The Plant produces or procures 85 percent of all components that make up a nuclear warhead, including firing and arming systems, radars, guidance systems, reservoirs for tritium, foams, and adhesives. KCP states that it now has its busiest workload in 20 years. Much of this work is for 'Life Extension Programs' for existing nuclear weapons.
NNSA has about 2 million sq. ft. of space dedicated to nuclear weapons components production at KCP and employs about 3,000 people in those activities. According to the 2009 Budget, NNSA planned to spend $478 million for nuclear weapons activities at the KCP in 2009.
Major Kansas City Plant Facilities
According to its FY09 Ten Year Site Plan, the Bannister Federal Complex contains facilities for printed wiring assembly, fabrication, final assembly, plastics machining, mechanical welding, and electromechanical assembly.
Additional facilities that are managed by Honeywell in New Mexico under the contract for KCP include: the NC-135 Compound, which supports engineering research and development and the assembly or repair of communications equipment; the Air Park Facility, which develops and supports training programs for NNSA's Office of Secure Transportation; and the Craddock Modification Center which builds and equips Safe Secure Trailers and Safeguards Transporters.
Along with Sandia-NM, these three facilities are all located on Kirtland AFB, which has been recently designated by the DoD Secretary as the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center of Excellence for all nuclear weapons systems activities. In addition, Honeywell/KCP also runs a 'Los Alamos Office' that manufactures detonator assemblies for nuclear weapons and fiber-optic sensors for hydrodynamic testing.
The Kansas City Plant in NNSA's Complex Transformation
Under Complex Transformation, NNSA plans to move the main site of the KCP from the Bannister Federal Complex to a new 1.5 million sq-ft facility, construction of which is expected to cost about half a billion dollars. The proposed plant is sited within Kansas City limits and developed by private sector financing. It would be leased to GSA, which in turn would sublease it to NNSA at a cost of roughly $1.2 billion over twenty years. Kirtland Operations would also relocate to a new 306,949 sq-ft facility to be constructed by a private developer in Albuquerque and leased by the GSA to the NNSA.
During the proposed transition period, the old KCP facility at the Bannister Federal Complex would remain in operation as activities are moved to the newly leased space in 2012. According to the FY09 Ten Year Site Plan, "Capabilities that are commercially available will be outsourced where possible and remaining in-house capabilities will be properly sized for the anticipated production rates of future weapon programs."
Of the eight active NNSA nuclear weapons sites, KCP was the only site to be excluded from consideration in the Complex Transformation Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. NNSA argued that decisions made elsewhere in the nuclear weapons complex would not affect KCP, and vice versa. However, NNSA's own language in successive KCP Ten-Year Site Plans strongly rebuts that argument. Moreover, the 1996 Stockpile Stewardship and Management PEIS, to which the present Complex Transformation study is technically a supplement, actively considered consolidating KCP missions to SNL-NM.
The 1996 decision not to consolidate was made because of the claimed expense and environmental liabilities of building new facilities at Sandia. That argument is mooted by the fact that NNSA now plans to move to a new facility, albeit one only eight miles away from the old plant. Further, NNSA apparently plans to make that move without comprehensive cleanup of the old Plant, which is heavily contaminated with PCBs and industrial solvents.
Read the study, to which we contributed, that explored the possibility of consolidating the nuclear weapons complex:
Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network*, April 2009
*The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Note: See our KCP archives here
See also this NWNM Fact Sheet: Kansas City and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex (PDF)- June 17, 2010
A good history:
KCP: Facility Description and Regulatory Status
And this history from Honeywell: History of the Bannister Federal Complex (PDF)
Active Map: Nuclear Weapons Complex
NNSA's Nuclear Security Enterprise: The Current Nuclear Weapons Complex
The current nuclear weapons complex, which NNSA refers to as the Nuclear Security Enterprise, includes NNSA Headquarters (located in Washington, DC; Germantown, MD; and Albuquerque, NM), the NNSA field offices, the three national security laboratories (two of which also have production missions), the four nuclear weapons production facilities, and the Nevada National Security Site. Two other facilities are essential for maintaining the stockpile: (1) the TVA's Watts Barr nuclear power reactor in Tennessee, which produces tritium, a relatively short-lived nuclear material vital to modern nuclear warheads, and (2) the WIPP site in New Mexico, which is used to manage, isolate, and store plutonium-bearing wastes from the warhead operations at other sites.
The map below does not show the headquarters or field offices, but focus instead on the laboratories, testing, production, and support facilities more commonly known as the nuclear weapons complex. These sites are largely government-owned, contractor-operated facilities.
2018 Media
NMED And EM-LA Present FY2019 Legacy Cleanup Priorities In Community Meeting
Los Alamos Reporter, Dec 1, 2018, By Marie O’Neill
Under public comment, Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico confronted the two DOE officials about DOE’s overall plans for clean-up…
Nuclear groups challenge pit program expansion
Los Alamos Monitor-Nov 5, 2018
Nuclear Watch New Mexico, Savannah River Site Watch and Tri-Valley CAREs wrote a letter to NNSA Undersecretary and Administrator Lisa …
Groups call for environmental review of more ‘pit’ production
Albuquerque Journal-Nov 2, 2018
Nuclear Watch New Mexico, SRS Watch in South Carolina and Tri-Valley CAREs Livermore, Calif. — home of another weapons lab — say an …
Watchdog groups seek review of plutonium plan
Santa Fe New Mexican-Nov 1, 2018
Three nuclear watchdog groups across the U.S., including Santa Fe-based Nuclear Watch New Mexico, are accusing the National Nuclear …
WIPP: Calculation change will not impact facility’s capacity
Carlsbad Current-Argus-Oct 24, 2018
Scott Kovac with Nuclear Watch New Mexico said the change could make WIPP’s volume tracking needlessly complicated. “This modification …
Studies renew worry about contamination from US arms testing
SaukValley.com-Oct 4, 2018
Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, cited a long history of denial about the claims of “down winders,” the residents …
Hidden danger: Radioactive dust is found in communities around …
Los Angeles Times-Sep 28, 2018
Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, cited a long history of denial about the claims of “down winders,” the residents of …
End of Public Comment Period on Nuke Site Draws Criticism
U.S. News & World Report-Sep 21, 2018
… four organizations — Southwest Research and Information Center, Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Watch New Mexico and …
Embattled coalition says it’s a ‘powerful voice’
Albuquerque Journal-Sep 20, 2018
Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico also said that the RCLC actually “colludes” with the U.S. Department of Energy – which happens to …
Watchdog groups from across the nuclear weapons complex are pushing back against a new Department of Energy order that severely constrains the oversight capacity of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board [DNFSB] at an August 28 hearing in Washington, DC.
Suit seeking fines against Los Alamos lab goes forward
Albuquerque Journal-Jul 13, 2018
The 2016 suit by Nuclear Watch New Mexico alleges DOE and the contractor — Los Alamos National Security LLC (LANS) — owe hundreds of …
NukeWatch Media and Public Appearances through August 2018 2018
Daily Bruin, July 1, 2018
UC retains management of Los Alamos nuclear laboratory with new contract https://dailybruin.com/2018/07/01/uc-retains-management-of-los-alamos-nuclear-laboratory- with-new-contract/
Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, an organization that promotes accountability at nuclear weapon facilities, said in a statement he thinks the UC went forward with its bid with new partners to improve its reputation after the safety lapses of the past several years.
Bloomberg BNA, June 21, 2018
Los Alamos Lab Contract Centers on Improving Worker Safety https://www.bna.com/los-alamos-lab-n73014476701/
” Anti-nuclear group Nuclear Watch New Mexico fought to have the environmental management contract separate from the lab management contract, Scott Kovac, operations and research director, told Bloomberg Environment. Groups also said the number of parties involved in managing the lab could make accountability more difficult.
“We’re going to be focused on who’s running the lab and who are they responsible to,” Kovac said.”
The Nation, June 21, 2018
Nuclear Weapons Pose the Ultimate Threat to Mankind https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/nuclear-weapons-pose-ultimate-threat-mankind/
The current global dynamics of fear, dysfunctional governments, and capitalism run amok are helping to drive the nuclear-arms race. But long-standing groups like Nuclear Watch New Mexico and Tri-Valley Cares, located near nuclear labs and production facilities, are mobilizing with a new intensity against the restarting of industrial-scale plutonium-pit manufacturing.
POGO, June 13, 2018:
Nonprofit group wins LANL contract
“The latest plan would see part of this mission moved across the country to the partially constructed MOX facility at the Savannah River Site. Producing plutonium pits at the site would be a completely new mission for Savannah River and would ultimately cost almost $10 billion more than the agency’s alternative plan to expand plutonium production capacity at Los Alamos, according to new documents obtained by Nuclear Watch New Mexico and Savannah River Site Watch.
“Producing plutonium pits at the site would be a completely new mission for Savannah River and would ultimately cost almost $10 billion more than the agency’s alternative plan to expand plutonium production capacity at Los Alamos, according to new documents obtained by Nuclear Watch New Mexico and Savannah River Site Watch.
“In a letter to the Senate Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittee last month, the Project On Government Oversight was joined by Nuclear Watch New Mexico and Savannah River Site Watch in requesting justification for this expanded capacity. NNSA has
over 14,000 plutonium cores already constructed and in storage, many of them specifically designated for potential reuse in new nuclear weapons as part of a “strategic reserve.” -Lydia Dennett, POGO investigator See her full report at POGO)
Albuquerque Journal, June 8, 2018:
Nonprofit group wins LANL contract
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said UC ‘basically ditched Bechtel and went with a safe bet’ with new partners after the safety lapses of the past several years.”
Augusta Chronicle, May 31, 2018:
Report: MOX project dead, more waste and 1,800 jobs from replacement
“In a nearly 300-page report from the National Nuclear Security Administration released Thursday by Savannah River Site Watch and Nuclear Watch New Mexico, the analysis already assumes Congress will act to terminate the project and it would then be available for conversion to a plutonium pit production facility by 2030.
“But it is also the most expensive of the four alternatives studied in detail, according to a news release from SRS Watch and Nuclear Watch. Upgrading and retrofitting those facilities will cost around $10 billion and run $46 billion over the life cycles of those facilities, costs that are likely to rise with overruns, the groups said. Moreover, each pit produced at the new facility at SRS would generate 10 drums of radioactive waste or 500 drums a year, according to the report.
“SRS Watch and Nuclear Watch said the report fails to make the case for either facility and casts doubt on the need to ramp up production, anyway. There are already 20,000 pits being stored at a DOE plant in Texas and one study estimated each one could last more than a century, the groups said.”
Los Alamos Monitor, May 11, 2018:
NNSA announces decision on pit production
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico criticized the decision as purely political. ‘First, in Nuclear Watch’s view, this decision is in large part a political decision, designed to keep the congressional delegations of both New Mexico and South Carolina happy,’ said Nuclear Watch Executive Director Jay Coghlan. ‘New Mexico Senators Tom Udall and Martin Heinrich are adamantly against relocating plutonium pit production to South Carolina. On the other hand, South Carolina Senator Lindsay Graham was keeping the boondoggle Mixed Oxide (MOX) program on life support, and this pit production decision may help to mollify him.’
“Coghlan said he believes the split plan will ultimately fail. ‘NNSA has already tried four times to expand plutonium pit production, only to be defeated by citizen opposition and its own cost overruns and incompetence,’ Coghlan said. ‘But we realize that this fifth attempt is the most serious.
“‘However, we remain confident it too will fall apart, because of its enormous financial and environmental costs and the fact that expanded plutonium pit production is simply not needed for the existing nuclear weapons stockpile. We think the American public will reject new-design nuclear weapons, which is what this expanded pit production decision is really all about.'”
Public Integrity, May 11, 2018:
Los Alamos would lose some future bomb production under new Trump administration plan
“Jay Coghlan, who directs the advocacy group Nuclear Watch New Mexico and closely follows weapons activities in the state, questioned why the administration needs to prepare for future production of so many plutonium cores. There is, he said, ‘no justification to the American taxpayer why the enormous expense of expanded production is necessary.'”
Public News Service, May 11, 2018:
Los Alamos to Build Part of Next-Gen Nuclear Weapons
“‘We’re trying to preach restraint to Iran, North Korea, the rest of the world,’ says Coghlan, ‘and we’re going to go on to develop new-design nuclear weapons? That’s not practicing what we preach.’ Coghlan argues that the NNSA should be required to explain why the increased pit production is needed, and what it will cost taxpayers – in terms of financial, safety and environmental risks. ‘We don’t need it to maintain the safety and reliability of the existing stockpile,’ says Coghlan. ‘All of this future production is for speculative, new-design nuclear weapons.’ Coghlan believes the decision was ‘in large part political, designed to keep the congressional delegations of both states happy.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 10, 2018:
Feds: Los Alamos lab to share plutonium work with South Carolina site
“Jay Coghlan, director of Santa Fe-based Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the lack of such a review ‘is of questionable legality.’ The NNSA also has failed to justify the need to fund such an expensive weapons project, he said. Coghlan called the decision to split the work between the two sites largely a political one, ‘designed to keep the congressional delegations of both New Mexico and South Carolina happy.'”
Albuquerque Journal, May 10, 2018:
Feds split ‘pit’ work between LANL and S.C.
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuke Watch New Mexico, said the NNSA announcement represented ‘in large part a political decision, designed to keep the congressional delegations of both New Mexico and South Carolina happy.’
“‘There is no explanation why the Department of Defense requires at least 80 pits per year, and no justification to the American taxpayer why the enormous expense of expanded production is necessary,’ Coghlan said.”
Albuquerque Journal, May 4, 2018:
Assessment of LANL Rad Lab premature, incomplete
This article is an OpEd by Jay Coghlan, essentially the press release of May 2, 2018.
Albuquerque Journal, May 1, 2018:
LANL welcomes new contractor
“‘Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a frequent critic of the lab, still has concerns about the transition. ‘It’s far (from) being a new era when the swamp just gets deeper,’ he said in an email to the Journal.
Coghlan said that more than half of Tetra Tech’s work cleaning up an old naval base in San Francisco was “downright fraudulent” and cost American taxpayers a quarter of a billion dollars to do over. He also said New Mexico’s next governor should throw out the “toothless” consent order governing the cleanup negotiated by Gov. Susana Martinez’s Environment Department.
“‘When those two things are done, then maybe it will be a new era for cleanup at Los Alamos,’ he said.”
Albuquerque Journal, April 6, 2018:
Bathroom sink overflow raises safety issue at LANL
“‘We never dreamed water could leak to the basement from the first (processing) floor, now apparently proved by a bathroom faucet,’ said Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico.”
Los Alamos Monitor, March 2, 2018:
DOE says Tetra Tech will stay in cleanup contract
“The Department of Energy’s Environmental Management Office Thursday responded to a nuclear and environmental safety group’s request to reconsider the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s choice of contractor to clean up waste generated by the laboratory between the Manhattan Project era and 1999.
“A nuclear watchdog group released information earlier this week, raising concerns about allegations of fraud surrounding Tetra Tech prior to the LANL work.
“The watchdog group, Nuclear Watch, pointed to several earlier reports made regarding the company’s work.
“‘Serious allegations of fraud by Tetra Tech were raised long before the LANL cleanup contract was awarded,’ a written statement from Nuclear Watch said. ‘The US Navy found that the company had committed widespread radiological data falsification, doctored records and supporting documentation, and covered up fraud at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard cleanup project in San Francisco, CA.’
Nuclear Watch Executive Director Jay Coghlan : “That’s B.S. I remind the American taxpayer that DOE cleanup programs have been on the high risk list formulated by the Government Accountability Office since 1990.’ Coghlan said. ‘DOE is notorious for lack of contractor oversight. It’s getting a little bit better… It’s getting better because of two things, the security incident at Y-12 and the way Los Alamos closed down WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) for three years with a ruptured drum.’
“Coghlan said subcontractor Tetra Tech should not have been on the main contractor (N3B of Los Alamos) team because of past allegations of abuse and fraud related to other Department of Energy Projects.
“Nuclear Watch Research Director Scott Kovac called Tetra Tech’s inclusion in the cleanup contract ‘Same old monkeys, different trees.’
“‘It took years for the DOE Environmental Management Office in Los Alamos to put a cleanup contract in place. We are seriously disappointed that there are major problems before the contract even starts. This situation shines a light on the cozy DOE contractor system, where every cleanup site has different combinations of the same contractors. Call it different trees, but the same old monkeys, where the real priority is to profit off of taxpayers dollars before a shovel turns over any waste,’ Kovac said.”
* Update note, April 10, 2018:
New EPA docs: Faked cleanup at Hunters Point Shipyard much worse than Navy estimates- 90 to 97 percent of cleanup at two sites is questionable -“biggest case of eco-fraud in U.S.
history”
Santa Fe New Mexican, March 2, 2018:
Funds for ostrich farm fuel criticism of regional coalition
“‘It is, at a minimum, unseemly for the Executive Director of the Regional Coalition, which lobbies for increased LANL funding, to receive funding for her private business from LANS, who runs LANL,’ Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said in a news release. ‘Ultimately that funding for her private business comes from the American taxpayer.’
“Romero said Nuclear Watch ‘very clearly disagrees with the lab’s activities across the board, no matter what they are. ‘It’s been very clear since their inception that their ultimate mission is to take down the lab,’ she said.
“Coghlan laughed at the suggestion. ‘Clearly, Ms. Romero is in a pretty vulnerable spot right now,’ he said, ‘and I think she’s saying such things and making such categorical statements against Nuclear Watch New Mexico out of desperation.’
“Coghlan said Nuclear Watch advocates for ‘genuine and complete cleanup’ of radioactive waste, an effort that he said would not only benefit the environment but create hundreds of well-paying jobs.
“‘We are arguing for radical expansion of the cleanup programs at the laboratory, so in that sense, she’s completely wrong,’ he said. ‘Not only that, she is complicit, as is the regional coalition, in condoning the incomplete and fake cleanup that the Los Alamos lab is promoting.’ “The friction between Romero and Nuclear Watch is the latest entanglement for Romero, who has come under fire over revelations of taxpayer-funded spending by the coalition that included the purchase of alcohol during expensive restaurant meals and tickets for a professional baseball game in Washington, D.C.”
Los Alamos Monitor, March 1, 2018:
New high-level nuclear waste facility application OK’d in southeast NM
Nuclear and environmental groups across the state immediately reacted to the news of Holtec’s application acceptance by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for review.
Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, was critical of proposal. ‘This is more evidence of how New Mexico is being targeted to be the country’s sacrifice zone for radioactive wastes, but now with the most lethal kind in highly irradiated nuclear reactor rods. This is especially ironic given that our state has never had a commercial nuclear power plant,’ Coghlan said. ‘The Land of Enchantment! First in nuclear weapons and radioactive wastes, second to last in child well-being.'”
Albuquerque Journal, February 28, 2018:
LANL water cleanup firm facing questions over San Francisco work
“Watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico said in a Wednesday news release that awarding the contract to a group including Tetra Tech raises serious questions about DOE’s ‘due diligence’ in reviewing the performance histories of bidding companies. ‘This situation shines a light on the cozy DOE contractor system, where every cleanup site has different combinations of the same contractors,’ said NukeWatch research director Scott Kovac.”
East Bay Express, February 28, 2018:
The University of Nuclear Bombs
“The University of California is once again bidding to manage Los Alamos nuclear weapons lab
at a time when the threat of nuclear war is rising… Watchdog groups have differing views on the UC’s role in overseeing such activities. Scott Kovac, operations and research director of Nuke Watch of New Mexico, opposes the current corporate-university consortium but said he would support a return to management by the UC sans its current corporate partners. “University management makes more sense,” he said. “The large corporate entities at Los Alamos have had a lot less transparency than the UC did as sole manager.”
Al Jazeera, February 23, 2018:
US takes steps to resume plutonium pit production for nukes
“Nuke Watch New Mexico, a group that tracks environmental and budgetary oversight in US nuclear weapon facilities, questioned the need for the increase in a statement provided to Al Jazeera.The US already has ‘some 15,000 pits’ stored at a facility in Texas, the group said. “Nuclear Watch Director Jay Coghlan said that instead of an increase, ‘there should … be a programmatic review of all aspects of expanded plutonium pit production, including the inevitable cost overruns, nuclear safety problems, and contamination.'”
Albuquerque Journal, February 22, 2018:
NNSA wants more plutonium in Los Alamos facility
“The release of the document drew immediate fire from watchdogs and critics of the lab. Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said recategorizing RLUOB was approved by former Department of Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz in 2015 and more than $2 million has been spent since then. Coghlan said conducting an environmental assessment ‘after the fact’ may violate federal law that requires public comment before commitment of ‘irretrievable resources.’ “Coghlan added, ‘This environmental assessment to raise the plutonium limit in the Rad Lab should not be a standalone document, but instead be part of a far broader programmatic environmental impact statement on expanded plutonium pit production.’
“Critics like Coghlan and Mello say no new pits are needed with thousands produced in the past still around and the Navy’s distaste for a new kind of warhead for which new pits have been proposed.”
Albuquerque Journal, February 11, 2018:
More federal dollars for NM’s labs?
“Meanwhile, Jay Coghlan, director of Nuke Watch New Mexico and a close observer of weapons budgets, joins other New Mexico nuclear watchdogs in contending the expensive demand for more plutonium pits and lower-yield nuclear weapons in the Nuclear Posture Review is overkill and a waste of tax dollars.
“Nuke Watch’s Coghlan said the Nuclear Posture Review expands the NNSA’s demand for plutonium pits from previous benchmarks. He said the 2015 Defense Authorization Act called for production of between 50 and 80 plutonium pits per year. The new posture review says the Defense Department now demands “at least 80 pits per year by 2030.”Coghlan said the increase could push at least some production to Savannah River.
“‘It’s mission creep,’ Coghlan said. “‘The more pits they want to produce the more it tilts to Savannah River for industrial type production. We’re going back to a Cold War configuration.’ “Coghlan said he envisions a scenario in which Los Alamos becomes more tilted to ’boutique’ research and development of plutonium pits with Savannah River performing more large-scale ‘assembly line’ pit production.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, February 2, 2018:
Nuclear buildup could mean work for labs in N.M.
“What this means for Northern New Mexico is unnecessary plutonium pit production for unneeded new nuclear weapons designs in an escalating arms race,” said Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico. “That will inevitably bring more contamination and safety problems.”
Counterpunch, January 25, 2018:
Trump’s Draft Nuclear Posture Review Degrades National Security
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico in Santa Fe keeps a critical eye on programs and problems at the state’s two nuclear weapons design and production laboratories, Los Alamos and Sandia. In the following, Nuclear Watch NM provides expert analysis of the latest official gibberish.”
[Here follow the essential points from the NukeWatch press release of January 12, 2018.]
“Jay Coghlan, Nuclear Watch’s Executive Director, concludes with a grim prognosis:
“‘The new NPR does not even begin to meet our long-term need to eliminate the one class of weapons of mass destruction that can truly destroy our country. It will instead set back arms control efforts and further hollow out our country by diverting yet more huge sums of money to the usual giant weapons contractors at the expense of public health and education, environmental protection, natural disaster recovery, etc. Under the Trump Administration and this NPR, expect Medicare and social security to be attacked to help pay for a false sense of military superiority.'”
Los Alamos Daily Post, January 18, 2018:
DOE And NMED Hold Joint Meeting On Legacy Waste Clean-Up
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch told EM and NMED officials there has been no opportunity for the public to provide input before decisions are made and that’s what counts. “You’re standing here telling us what decisions are being made and we’re going to have strong disagreement,” Coghlan said.
Other concerns also were voiced about the lack of public participation and the opportunity to comment on the clean-up schedule as well as the feeling that the schedule is determined by funding at DOE’s discretion rather than the schedule driving the funding as it was under the 2005 Consent Order.
NMED Hazardous Waste Bureau Chief John Kieling was questioned about whether stipulated penalties under the Consent Order would be paid out of clean-up funds or come from elsewhere such as from funds docked from contractors by NNSA. Kieling said he had not talked to the NMED Secretary recently but he believed the stipulated penalties would come from elsewhere.
2017-2013 Media
2017
Albuquerque Journal, December 20, 2017:
LANL work merged in contract
The contract amount comes to “cleanup on the cheap”, said Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a frequent lab critic. A federal estimate shows that $3.8 billion in cleanup work remains at the lab, even while leaving much of the waste buried, Coghlan said.
Roswell Daily Record, December 9, 2017:
Groups plan opposition to proposed nuclear fuel site
The Saturday meeting in Roswell at North Main hotel brought together college students, faith leaders and people from various New Mexico advocacy groups. Those included the Alliance for Environmental Strategies, the Sierra Club, Beyond Nuclear, Nuclear Watch New Mexico, the Nuclear Issues Study Group, the Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety and the Multicultural Alliance for a Safe Environment. A few representatives from groups in other states also attended.
Santa Fe New Mexican, November 30, 2017:
State auditors challenge WIPP leak settlement
Instead of imposing the fines, however, the state Environment Department issued a new consent order in 2016 that creates milestones for future cleanup but does not stipulate deadlines or penalties.
Jay Coghlan, director of the nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico and a critic of the Environment Department, filed a lawsuit against the state for failing to enforce lab cleanup penalties. In a statement this week, he said Tongate “and others are positioning the state’s Environment Department to ‘cooperate’ with the lab. Nuke Watch views it as ‘collaborating’ with the lab, in the pejorative sense of the word.
“We want a New Mexico Environment Department that actively, aggressively protects the environment,” Coghlan said.
Albuquerque Journal, November 28, 2017:
Terry Wallace named new director of Los Alamos lab
A frequent lab critic wasn’t impressed with Wallace’s history at LANL. “Wallace is a lab good ol’ boy,” said Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico. “He’ll no doubt have his hand out for more taxpayer dollars for more nuclear weapons programs on the Hill, plus his own pet billion dollar boondoggles.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, November 13, 2017:
Letters: A plume of contamination
New Mexico Environment Department Secretary Butch Tongate must have been joking to accuse Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico of personally profiting from Los Alamos National Laboratory’s environmental failures (“Full extent of chromium plume unknown,” Nov. 3). Tongate must know his $125,000-a-year salary plus benefits dwarfs Coghlan’s salary from his struggling nonprofit.
But even more inappropriate is Tongate’s description of the New Mexico Environment Department’s relationship to LANL as “cooperative.” The city water task force I served on in the early 2000s was told by a LANL hydrologist that there was zero possibility of lab contaminants reaching the regional aquifer where a toxic chromium plume is now spreading. Tongate and his staff’s job is to protect our health and environment- it is not to cooperate with LANL in cheating us by allowing “cleanup” on the cheap. Fortunately, in 14 months, this administration will end, and with it the coddling of LANL. Then maybe we can see some real, job-producing cleanup at the lab.
– Cathie Sullivan (Ms. Sullivan serves on Nukewatch’s steering committee)
Santa Fe New Mexican, November 3, 2017:
Full extent of chromium plume remains unknown
Butch Tongate, secretary of the New Mexico Environment Department, told lawmakers the state was working with the lab on the cleanup and would not require it to drill new wells at this time around the area of the plume.
That spurred criticism from Jay Coghlan, director of the nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico and a long-standing critic of the lab. Coghlan said he was disappointed to hear the secretary say that “there is no urgent requirement to put in new monitoring wells in the near future.”
Outside the hearing room, Tongate accused Coghlan of profiting from his criticism of environmental failures at the lab. “We think you are in a mode- I would call it a collaborationist- with Los Alamos,” Coghlan fired back, “which we don’t like.” “Well, I would call it cooperative,” Tongate said of his agency’s relationship with the lab. “I don’t see any benefit in being adversarial,” he said, “the way it was” under the previous administration.
Los Alamos Monitor, November 1, 2017:
Santa Fe’s call to halt plutonium pit program will not affect Los Alamos
Nuclear Watch Executive Director Jay Coghlan said they would like to see more communities in the region pass similar resolutions, with a goal to get LANL and the state to listen to their concerns. Santa Fe Mayor Javier Gonzales is the chairman the Regional Coalition of LANL Communities, a coalition that represents the community‚Äôs interests in relation to the LANL. “Other local governments may pass resolutions similar to that just passed by the City of Santa Fe. Perhaps this could persuade the Regional Coalition to actively advocate for enhanced nuclear safety before plutonium pit production is expanded, and genuine, comprehensive cleanup that could truly drive regional economic development,” Coghlan said in a written statement.
Oak Ridge Today, October 23, 2017:
DOE, NNSA deny alleged risk of ‘catastrophic collapse’ of old Y-12 buildings
The plaintiffs in a civil lawsuit filed in federal court in July alleged that there is a risk of a catastrophic collapse of old buildings containing nuclear weapon components at the Y-12 National Security Complex, possibly due to a large earthquake. The 44-page civil complaint, which is related to the planned Uranium Processing Facility at Y-12, was filed July 20 in U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C. The seven plaintiffs include three public interest organizations- Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance, Nuclear Watch of New Mexico, and Natural Resources Defense Council of Washington, D.C.
Santa Fe New Mexican, September 19, 2017:
Further tests are needed after tainted well sample, officials say
“Scott Kovac, with the nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which first discovered lab reports of the new well’s chromium levels on a website, said the state and federal response to the issue leaves significant questions about how large the plume really is and how the laboratory will proceed in treating the extensive contamination.
“‘LANL has spent millions of dollars on the models and used the data to choose the location of the well in question,’ he said, yet ‘the models missed the size of the plume.’ If water is injected into the newly drilled well to pump and treat the contamination, ‘the plume will likely grow,’ he added. “Now, Kovac said, the lab’s whole mitigation plan ‘has just turned into big question mark.'”
Albuquerque Journal, September 18, 2017:
High chromium levels found at one Los Alamos well
“The readings were first made public by Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which said in a news release, ‘The new data suggest there will have to be a complete rethinking of chromium groundwater treatment’ and that cleanup will take longer and cost more.”
Los Alamos Monitor, September 18, 2017:
Mortandad Canyon chromium plume may be wider than expected
“According to Nuclear Watch Director Jay Coghlan, the data further bolsters the group’s argument that the Department of Energy and the New Mexico Environment Department need to rework its 2016 consent order. The order is a blueprint of cleanup criteria and milestones LANL and the DOE Environmental Management office needs to adhere to in its waste cleanup operations around the site.
“Timely budgets for additional urgently needed cleanup work at Los Alamos are far from being a given. The 2016 Consent Order that NMED and DOE negotiated both weakened and delayed cleanup at LANL, and allows DOE to get out of cleanup by simply claiming that it is too expensive or difficult, Coghlan said. ‘But we demand that DOE find additional funding to immediately address this threat to New Mexico’s precious water resources, without robbing other badly needed cleanup projects.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, September 16, 2017:
Cancer-causing chemicals appear to spread in regional aquifer near LANL
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which first discovered the high levels of chromium in CrIV-6, called the plume a serious threat to New Mexico’s water resource.
“‘The remediation is turning out to be this decades-long- or longer- process of investigating exactly where the plume is,’ said Scott Kovac, director of operations and research for Nuclear Watch.’The geology under Los Alamos is so complicated, anybody that says they know what’s happening under there is taking liberties.’
Kovac said the high levels of chromium indicate the plume may be growing more rapidly than the lab anticipated and may result in higher costs, as well as a longer time frame, to clean up the widespread pollution.
“‘It is easy for data to get buried and never see the light of day in the Lab’s contamination database,’ he added in a statement. ‘LANL should proactively keep the public continuously informed of important new developments.'”
KSFR Radio Santa Fe, Sept 7, 2017:
Rep. Ted Lieu and Jay Coghlan Interview on 101.1 FM
Congressman Lieu (D.CA) was given the Leadership Award by Alliance for Nuclear Accountability in May of this year for his sponsorship of HR 669, a bill to restrict the president’s sole authority to launch nuclear war (mirrored in the Senate by S.200 introduced by Sen. Ed Markey D.MA). Nukewatch director Jay Coghlan is the current chairman of ANA. “Living on the Edge” with David Bacon, 101.1 FM
***Archived Podcast***
Albuquerque Journal, September 5, 2017:
When it comes to nukes, it’s complicated
[Regarding a resolution before the Santa Fe City Council]
“Here’s what Jay Coghlan of the watchdog Nuclear Watch New Mexico group said about the Obama administration’s last budget plan: ‘Recall that President Obama received the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize for calling for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Instead, the last budget of his
administrations sets an all-time record for funding Department of Energy nuclear weapons programs. What this means at Los Alamos is that the lab’s future is being increasingly tied to expanded production of plutonium pits, the radioactive cores of nuclear weapons.'” Albuquerque Journal, September 5, 2017:
LANL director announces retirement
“The watchdog Nuclear Watch New Mexico said of McMillan’s departure: ‘There’s got to be a whole lot more behind this abrupt resignation.‚Ķ He’s the poster child for why the profit motive should not run nuclear weapons facilities. Here’s hoping for better LANL management next time.’ The lab listed McMillan’s total compensation at $1.5 million in a 2013 federal disclosure report.”
Santa Fe New Mexican Sep 5, 2017 :
Los Alamos lab director retiring at year’s end
“Others said the high salary that McMillan received while he oversaw serious safety lapses highlighted fundamental issues at the lab. Jay Coghlan, director of the watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said, ‘We like to call him McMillion for the annual paycheck he was receiving while running the lab into the ground with an exploding radioactive waste drum at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant and ongoing nuclear safety lapses at Los Alamos’ plutonium facility. He’s the poster child for why the profit motive should not run nuclear weapons facilities,’ he said.
“With the lab management contract out for bid, Coghlan and others, including the University Professional and Technical Employees union, have questioned the for-profit management model at the lab, which began when Los Alamos National Security was hired in 2006 to run LANL.” Albuquerque Journal, August 14, 2017:
Two board members question move by nuclear safety agency
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico commended the two board members for raising objections. ‘It’s part of a continuing pattern to try and muzzle the board,’ he said of the staff deal. “Don Hancock of the Albuquerque-based Southwest Research and Information Center said it was ‘pretty unusual’ to see a public split among DNFSB members, who are presidential appointees. ‘From the public’s standpoint, we need more confidence in the oversight of DOE and the NNSA, not less,’ he said.”
Colorado Daily, August 10, 2017:
Peace Train: On the brink of nuclear hostilities
“If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth.”
– President Harry Truman, Aug. 6, 1945
“They will be met with fire and fury and, frankly, power the likes of which this world has never seen before.”
– President Donald Trump, Aug. 8, 2017
“Steve Miller of Nuclear Watch New Mexico noticed the two similar quotes, from Truman and Trump, 72 years apart. Two hours later, North Korea said it was reviewing plans to strike U.S. military targets in Guam with medium-range ballistic missiles to create “enveloping fire,” according to North Korean state media.
“Miller went on to say, ‘So here we stand on the brink of nuclear hostilities. Note that the nuclear weapons state with the smallest arsenal and a barely functioning ICBM is still an existential threat, even to the country with the largest arsenal and the most advanced delivery systems on the planet. It seems that the nuclear weapon is most useful to the smallest power, transforming it
from a military gnat into a lethal danger to even the most powerful states. One would think that it would be in the interest of the powerful country to seek the complete removal of nuclear weapons from the picture. ASAP. But in fact, given the opportunity- of the Ban Treaty negotiations for example- the US has refused to have anything to do with any such effort. (‘We do not intend to sign, ratify or ever become party to it.’). Instead, a trillion dollar renewal and ‘modernization’ of our nuclear forces is planned. Where does that road lead?'”
Aug 3, 2017
Jay Coghlan, Nukewatch Director Interview
With David Bacon on Living on the Edge, KSFR. Archived podcast here
Santa Fe New Mexican, August 4, 2017:
Lab Might Have Known Dangerous Waste Was Unmarked
“Jay Coghlan, director of the nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico, questioned why, if the state had discovered the problem with the container, it didn’t ‘deal with it immediately as an imminent danger that put workers and the public at risk?’
“Coghlan said the state has undervalued the lab’s waste management violations in the past, setting fines that are too low. And, he said, millions of dollars in fines for a number of violations that accrued under a 2005 consent order governing the management of the lab’s legacy waste went unpaid. Instead, the cleanup order was revised in June 2016, and outstanding penalties were wiped away.
“Coghlan filed a lawsuit against the state for not imposing penalties under the former cleanup agreement, but a ruling in that case is still pending.
“The Environment Department has said the new consent order creates a stronger enforcement policy than the previous agreement.
“Coghlan disagrees. ‘All of this demonstrates a lack of oversight,’ he said, ‘and a failure to use its authority on the part of Governor Martinez and the Environment Department.'”
ABC News, May 27, 2017:
US nuclear lab’s future up in the air after recent fire
“Fattening up our already bloated nuclear weapons stockpile is not going to improve our national security,” said Jay Coghlan, the director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, in a news release issued Friday. “New Mexicans desperately need better funded schools and health care, not expanded plutonium pit production that will cause more pollution and threaten our scarce water
resources.”
(Article picked up from the SF NewMexican piece below)
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 20, 2017:
Lab fire highlights ongoing LANL waste problems
“Fattening up our already bloated nuclear weapons stockpile is not going to improve our national security,” said Jay Coghlan, the director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, in a news release issued Friday. “New Mexicans desperately need better funded schools and health care, not expanded plutonium pit production that will cause more pollution and threaten our scarce water resources.” Los Alamos Monitor, March 31, 2017:
Citizen board recommends DOE shed more light on WIPP waste storage
“Scott Kovac, of Nuclear Watch, wished the DOE didn’t propose the above ground facility in the first place, because it adds an extra step and delays in getting the dangerous waste into WIPP’s permanent below ground facility.
“‘They should just spend the money fixing up WIPP instead of these other things, I think they’d be farther along.’ Kovac said.”
Reaching Critical Will, March 28, 2017:
US Nuclear Weapon Modernization: Implications For The Ban Treaty
Report on the panel discussion at the UN, March 28, 2017.
“Coghlan said that responsibility for pit fabrication shifted to Los Alamos National Lab in the late 1980s, but repeated efforts to establish full-scale (80 warheads/ year) production capacity have failed. The Trump Administration and a Republican Congress are likely to advance funding for new pit facilities at Los Alamos. ‘All of this is in the name of Stockpile Stewardship,’ said Coghlan, ‘which is a fig leaf to disguise new weapons design.'”
“More information on US modernization plans can be found in the Alliance for Nuclear Accountability’s Trillion Dollar Trainwreck.”
Truth-Out, March 6, 2017:
Trump Is Bankrupting Our Nation to Enrich the War Profiteers
This is a well researched paper [in spite of blaming Obama admin developments on Trump] with many linked sources, including in three instances, links to NukeWatch.org:
– “Yet the Trump administration [sic] is proposing to spend a trillion dollars or more over the next three decades upgrading the US nuclear weapons triad…”
– “We know from other sources that $1.4 billion a year is coming from the DOE for operation of the Sandia nuclear weapons lab…”
– “Components arm, fuse, fire, generate neutrons to start nuclear reactions…”
The Daily Beast, February 28, 2017:
What Was Trump’s Air Force Pick Doing For All That Cash?
Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, an anti-nuclear watchdog group in Wilson‚Äôs home state, was even more skeptical. Wilson’s work for Lockheed Martin and other nuclear contractors “obviously raises very serious ethical questions,” Coghlan said. Coghlan conceded that the recent presidential election represented a vote for change, but added that “part of that change should be appointing ethical people to senior positions. And [Wilson has] failed that test.”
Center for Public Integrity, February 8, 2017:
Air Force Secretary Nominee Helped A Major Defense Contractor Lobby For More Federal Funds
Wilson’s appointment got the attention of an anti-nuclear watchdog group in her home state, Nuclear Watch New Mexico. Wilson ignored pleas by the group’s executive director, Jay Coghlan, to step down from the congressional commission over the perceived conflict of interest.
For Nuclear Watch New Mexico’s Coghlan, Wilson’s prospective role as the head of the Air Force- one of the primary customers for Lockheed Martin and the other nuclear weapon contractors that employed her- sets off alarms.
“It obviously raises very serious ethical questions,” Coghlan said. “The presidential vote can be viewed as a popular vote for change, but part of that change should be appointing ethical people to senior positions. And she’s failed that test. I anticipate she’s going to be asked some tough questions during her confirmation hearing.”
Politico, February 8, 2017:
Records show how Air Force nominee skirted lobbying restrictions
Same article by Patrick Malone as above, including the same citations of Nuclear Watch and Jay Coghlan.
NM Political Report, February 10, 2017:
Air Force Secretary nominee helped a major defense contractor lobby for more federal funds
Same article by Patrick Malone as above, including the same citations of Nuclear Watch and Jay Coghlan.
Santa Fe New Mexican, January 4, 2017:
LANL Improves In Annual Federal Evaluation; Safety, Waste Issues Persist
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said in a statement that while the Energy Department has said it learned its lesson from Rocky Flats, Los Alamos “has had a long history of inadequate safety analyses and unacceptable nuclear criticality risks.”
“Clearly these issues need to be 100 percent resolved before NNSA even thinks about expanding plutonium pit production,” he said.
Albuquerque Journal, January 4, 2017:
Amid transitions, both NM nuke labs get good evaluations
Despite this year’s “very good” rating for LANL, Watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico noted shortcomings that NNSA cited in the evaluation over criticality safety issues related to plutonium work (a nuclear criticality event is an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction) as the lab moves toward ramping up production of plutonium “pits,” the cores that trigger nuclear weapons’ explosions. Parts of the evaluation say that required improvements “to the Criticality Safety Program are moving at an unacceptably slow rate” and that the leadership in operations management “has not prioritized needed criticality safety activities and improvements adequately… The number and latency of infractions in the plutonium facility is of concern.” 2016
The Guardian, November 1, 2016:
Atomic City, USA: how once-secret Los Alamos became a millionaire’s enclave
Home to the scientists who built the nuclear bomb, the company town of Los Alamos, New Mexico is today one of the richest in the country – even as toxic waste threatens its residents and neighboring Española struggles with poverty
“‘It’s a stark example of the proverbial 1% and the other 99%,’ says Jay Coghlan, sitting in a large reclining chair in the living room of his home in Santa Fe. A 45 minute drive south-east from Los Alamos, his home doubles as an office for Nuclear Watch New Mexico. ‘Neighboring communities have not benefited much at all, with the obvious exception that there’s jobs,’ he says. ‘Benefits have been very insular and privileged to the nuclear enclave itself.’ The environmental impact of living next door to a nuclear research lab is another sore issue. Some radioactive waste is still disposed of at the lab’s ‘Area G’ compound (although this could end next year), and there is still so-called ‘legacy waste’, which has not been cleaned up and will take billions of dollars to address. The carcinogenic plume of hexavalent chromium, meanwhile, which was discovered 10 years ago, is migrating towards nearby Native lands and the regional aquifer.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, October 10, 2016:
LANL makes progress on Area G cleanup, but doubts remain
“Watchdog groups suggested the decision was based on the fact that Area G is nearing capacity. The last open trench, pit 38, which spans more than 100 meters, is the only area with space to accept new waste. ‘The pit is going to be full,’ said Scott Kovac, research director for Nuclear Watch New Mexico. ‘It is not like they are just stopping out of the goodness of their own heart.’ Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said these estimates were based on false
assumptions. ‘I will call it willful misrepresentation, ignoring 90 percent of the waste that is there,’ he said. Coghlan estimates that the full scope of waste is 30 times higher than the numbers provided by the lab.”
Sputnik International News, October 6, 2016:
End of US-Russia Plutonium Pact ‘Not Catastrophic’ for Nonproliferation Goals
WASHINGTON (Sputnik), Leandra Bernstein. Nuclear Watch New Mexico Executive Director Jay Coghlan claims that Moscow’s decision to cancel the US-Russia Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement, which is aimed at reducing stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium, will not hurt the goal of nuclear nonproliferation.
“Moscow’s decision to cancel the US-Russia Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement, which is aimed at reducing stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium, will not hurt the goal of nuclear nonproliferation, Nuclear Watch New Mexico Executive Director Jay Coghlan told Sputnik. “It’s significant, but not catastrophic,” Coghlan said on Wednesday. “I still think that both countries will eventually dispose of the excess plutonium. But I cynically add that this is only because‚Ķboth countries already have too much plutonium for their weapons, so they don’t really care.”
“Coghlan expressed skepticism that any significant nonproliferation goals would have been met under the agreement.
“‘The US has more than enough plutonium to do what it wants with nuclear weapons on into the indefinite future,’ he said. Because the agreement calls for converting weapons-grade plutonium into a mixed oxide (MOX) fuel to be used for civilian nuclear power, Russia could continue producing plutonium, Coghlan argued. ‘Russian use of MOX in breeder reactors could produce additional plutonium, depending on how the reactors are configured,’ he stated.”
Albuquerque Journal, October 6, 2016:
Report: Los Alamos to end radioactive on-site waste disposal
“Critics maintain the DOE’s cost estimates are low and note that the agency expects to use an engineered cover’ at the site, instead of exhuming and removing hazardous materials, which Nuclear Watch New Mexico says would leave the materials permanently buried above the regional aquifer and three miles uphill from the Rio Grande.
“New Mexico and the U.S. Energy Department first signed a consent order that guides cleanup at Los Alamos National Laboratory more than a decade ago. A revised order was signed this year. Nuke Watch is challenging the new agreement in court.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, September 24, 2016:
After controversial firing, ex-LANL employee looking to rebuild career
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said it was “highly unethical of the lab to fire him in the first place, and they were stomping on his right to free speech because he wasn’t stomping for the party line… His study was retroactively classified and the lab could do that because of just one word that he used,” Coghlan said. “And that word is ‘Israel.’ He listed Israel among the known nuclear weapons powers – didn’t single Israel out, just, again, mentioned the word Israel. So it goes to show just how ridiculous the nuclear weapons policies are about the use of classification. That’s kind of the worst-kept secret in the world – that Israel has nuclear weapons.”
Albuquerque Journal, September 21, 2016:
Nuke Watch: Lab cleanup report understates costs, waste amounts at Los Alamos
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico says a highly touted new cost estimate for completing cleanup of decades‚Äô worth of radioactive and hazardous waste at Los Alamos National Laboratory is based more on the likely stream of federal funding rather than the actual cost of dealing with the toxic materials.” Note: This entire article is a review of Nuclear Watch’s critique of the new DOE report on LANL cleanup; see the full article.
San Francisco Chronicle, September 10, 2016:
Los Alamos Lab in for long environmental clean-up process
“Advocacy groups have challenged the validity of the clean-up process. Some say the polluted water is still doing damage and making animals sick. ‘The Department of Energy and Los Alamos Labs, they need to have their feet held to the fire,’ said Jay Coghlan, director of anti- nuclear weapons group Nuke Watch New Mexico. His group recently filed a lawsuit, calling for a judge to void a new clean-up agreement between the state and federal government.” (Article deleted)
Amarillo Globe-News, September 8, 2016:
Report: Pantex in dire need of upgrades
“However, some nuclear watchdogs are not convinced. Jay Coghlan- a representative of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a group that seeks to promote safety and environmental protection at regional nuclear facilities- said the cost of nuclear facilities is ‘a real burden on the American taxpayer. The $3.7 billion is a big number that has accrued over the years that shows chronic disregard of safety.’ He pointed to comments from Thornberry made in 2015 during a talk at the Atlantic Council, a think tank in the field of international affairs, alleging that workers at nuclear facilities have to ‘shoot rats off of their lunch in some of the facilities that they were working in.’ In Coghlan’s view, the federal government is too lax in its oversight of Pantex and other national security complexes. ‘This is one of the root problems. The private contractors who essentially run (Pantex) are greedy and on the lookout for more money, however they can get it,’ Coghlan said. ‘If they had prudently safeguarded things as it went along, they wouldn’t be asking for more taxpayer money.'”
KUNM FM, September 7, 2016:
LANL’s Long Environmental Cleanup
All said, the cleanup at Los Alamos has been a contentious process, to put it mildly. “‘It’s gutless,’ said Jay Coghlan, director of the anti-nuclear weapons group Nuke Watch New Mexico. ‘The Department of Energy and Los Alamos Labs, they need to have their feet held to the fire.’ “Nuke Watch recently filed a lawsuit asking a judge to throw out a new cleanup agreement between the state and the federal government- called a consent order- saying it is ineffective and was put together without the required public input.
“‘They’ve now come out with a new consent order that lacks any true enforceability,’ Coghlan said. “For example, the department of energy or Los Alamos lab can simply claim that it doesn’t have enough money for cleanup and then get out of cleanup. Or claim that it’s too technically difficult.’
“The New Mexico Environment Department has criticized the DOE’s cleanup proposals, too, but they’ve called Nuke Watch’s lawsuit ‘frivolous’ and are now seeking to block it in court.”
Albuquerque Journal, September 1, 2016:
State: Dismiss LANL cleanup lawsuit
“The New Mexico Environment Department has asked a federal judge to dismiss a lawsuit filed by Nuclear Watch New Mexico that seeks invalidation of a new agreement between the state and federal governments over cleanup of radioactive and hazardous waste from nuclear weapons work at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
“Nuke Watch maintains that a June ‘consent order’ agreement between the Environment Department and DOE was executed without a formal public hearing, as required by terms of an original 2005 cleanup deal between the state and the federal government.
“The Nuke Watch litigation also alleges DOE and the private contractor that runs the laboratory owe hundreds of millions of dollars in fines for missing cleanup deadlines set in 2005… The department wasn’t named as a defendant in the Nuke Watch suit but intervened in the case. “Nuke Watch director Jay Coghlan said via email Wednesday there’s ‘great irony in that NMED intervenes against us, raising the question whose side is it on, the environment or the polluter (in this case a $2.3 billion/year nuclear weapons facility).’ Coghlan also noted state government’s budget woes, which include a $600 million deficit. ‘Yet by our tally NMED forgave more than $300 million in potential fines for missed milestones in the 2005 Consent Order,’ he wrote.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, August 31, 2016:
State seeks to block lawsuit over LANL cleanup deal
The 2016 cleanup agreement explicitly states that the final version is not subject to appeal or public hearing, which drew criticism in June from several groups that said such language stifles public input.
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch, called the department’s argument “flimsy semantics.” “The so-called Environment Department, whose charge is to protect the environment, takes an existing consent order that was pretty tough and essentially guts it, and further claims the public has no recourse,” he told The New Mexican on Wednesday.
Coghlan said Nuclear Watch maintains that the full public participation requirements apply to the new guidelines.
At a time when the state faces a massive deficit, Coghlan added, the state deferred to the interests of the lab and the Department of Energy rather than enforcing violations that would have generated funds for the state through fines and would have provided jobs in waste cleanup.
Some people praised the new agreement, but others raised concerns that it fails to establish any real, long-term cleanup deadlines and includes language that would enable cleanup work to be suspended if it were deemed too costly or “unreasonable.”
“We are seeing the level of funding go down for cleanup while weapons programs are rising, and the consent order is no longer the stick by which to compel increased funding for cleanup because its not enforceable,” Coghlan said. “It’s a giveaway.”
Amarillo News, August 16, 2016:
Pantex Plant to store more nuclear materials produced at Los Alamos lab
“‘Here you have the NNSA site with the most weapons-grade plutonium, a dramatically increasing mission in weapons production, yet the old site-wide environmental impact statement dates back to 1996,’ said Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico. ‘I would assert that an environmental statement is long overdue, whether we are approaching the cap on storage
at Pantex or not.'”
Albuquerque Journal, August 12, 2016:
LANL plutonium project called ‘a house of cards’
“Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the GAO report reveals the CMMR project to be ‘a house of cards.’ He said the DOE, because of cost overruns and busted deadlines, has been on GAO’s ‘high-risk list’ watch list for the past 25 years. ‘I assert this is more of the same,’ he said.
“Coghlan noted that the report makes it clear that NNSA intends to upgrade the existing Radiological Laboratory Utility Office Building that opened in 2014 to a nuclear facility that can accommodate additional plutonium and giving it a ‘Hazard Category 3’ designation – the rating for a nuclear facility where the risks are ‘for only local significant consequences,’ as opposed to bigger risks of off-site or more widespread on-campus contamination.
“Coghlan said there’s been no environmental impact statement on that change and points to findings in the report that LANL has already started acquiring glove-boxes for the rad-lab that would have to be changed out and that the ventilation system also would need to be improved. “‘This is the first time ever the NNSA, a troubled agency to begin with, has taken a radiological lab and tried to make it into a Hazard Category 3,’ he said.”
August 6, 2016
Jay Coghlan, Nukewatch Director Interview
Earth Matters Radio re legacy of the US nuclear weapons program on the 70th anniversary of the Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings. Thursday Aug 6 at 10 am and 8 pm on 89.1FM. Archived podcast here
Albuquerque Journal, July 29, 2016:
Environment secretary resigns from Cabinet post
“‘The departure of Ryan Flynn is very welcome for those of us who believe that the mission of the state Environment Department is to protect the environment,’ said Douglas Meiklejohn, executive director of the New Mexico Environmental Law Center. Flynn has also been at odds with Nuclear Watch New Mexico over a “consent order” agreement last month with the federal government over cleanup of decades worth of radioactive and hazardous waste at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Nuclear Watch has filed a court challenge to the deal, saying it contains too many loopholes.
“Nuclear Watch Director Jay Coghlan said the consent order ‘is going to be a big stain on (Flynn’s) legacy. Having said that, I’ll give him kudos that he did give us pretty good access and did hold serious discussions with us.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, July 28, 2016:
Feds estimates LANL cleanup at $1 billion less than state
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said in a statement that the federal cost estimate is not merely too low but also suggests “that the Lab’s major radioactive and toxic wastes dumps will not be cleaned up.” The lower price point, he said, indicates the Energy Department plans to “cap and cover” the estimated 200,000 cubic yards of toxic waste at sites atop Los Alamos mesas rather than move it to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad or another secure facility. The “so-called cleanup ‚Ķ leaves tons of radioactive and toxic wastes in the ground that will permanently threaten Northern New Mexico’s precious water resources,” Coghlan said. Nuclear Watch New Mexico has been critical of both the Energy Department and
the state Environment Department over delays in cleanup at Los Alamos. The organization filed a recent lawsuit against the lab and its federal regulators over an agreement with the state that governs the lab’s cleanup activities.
New Mexico Political Report, July 22, 2016:
Lowered deadline standards on new nuclear cleanup plan worries some
“‘The Department of Energy hates penalties,’ Scott Kovac, research and operations director with Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said in an interview. ‘A deadline might shake out some funding from its budget.’
“Jon Block, a Santa Fe attorney helping Nuclear Watch in a lawsuit against the Environment Department over the cleanup issue, said consent orders on waste cleanup are supposed to allow states to hold the federal government accountable to complete the clean up. Instead, he argued that the state Environment Department is doing the opposite. ‘They’ve turned over the cleanup to the polluter,’ Block said in an interview. ‘Instead of being the enforcer of noncompliance, they’re the cooperator, the negotiator, ‘we’re your pal.’ Block says this presents a problem because DOE’s approach to cleaning up nuclear waste is to ‘do the least work possible and spend the least amount of money.’
“The new consent order also gives DOE power to ‘update’ the Los Alamos cleanup deadlines based on issues like ‘actual work progress, changed conditions and changes in anticipated funding levels.’ To Kovac, this means that if DOE loses some of its money, the agency can use that as an excuse to not meet even the less flexible deadlines set under the new consent order.”
Albuquerque Journal, July 19th, 2016:
Nuke Watch wants June LANL cleanup agreement tossed
“NuclearWatch New Mexico is asking a federal judge to invalidate a new agreement between New Mexico and the federal government over how and when to clean up decades’ worth of hazardous waste left over from nuclear weapons work at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
“In an expanded version of a lawsuit Nuke Watch filed in May, the advocacy group maintains that the June “consent order” agreement between the New Mexico Environment Department and the federal Department of Energy was executed without a required, formal public hearing. “Scott Kovac, Nuke Watch’s research director, said in statement, “We will not let the public’s right for cleanup at the Los Alamos Lab be papered over by DOE and NMED. Both agencies agreed to all parts of the 2005 Consent Order, which included rigorous public participation requirements and a detailed the cleanup schedule, including a final compliance date. We will continue to push for the public to have a true voice in these important matters.”
New Mexico Environmental Law Center, July 19th, 2016:
Groups Ask Judge to Declare New LANL Consent Order Invalid
“On behalf of Nuclear Watch New Mexico (NukeWatch), the New Mexico Environmental Law Center filed an amended complaint in its federal case to obtain ‘reasonable but aggressive’ cleanup at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The amended complaint asserts that the Consent Order signed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) on June 24, 2016 is invalid.”
Albuquerque Journal, July 14th, 2016:
Debate is on over making more nuke triggers at Los Alamos lab
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico notes that the wording of the 2015 National Defense Authorization Act that calls for making 80 pits annually asserts that the need is not driven solely by ‘life extension programs’ intended to keep current weapons in good shape.
“‘It’s not about simple maintenance,’ Coghlan said. ‘It’s about advancing weapons designs ‚Ķ I assert that that’s a blank check for them to do what they want to do.’ He added: ‘They are seeking to divorce expanded pit production from the technical necessities of the stockpile.'”
“Critics still say nothing has been offered to specifically justify up to 80 pits a year. ‘You see the stated need and then there’s no solid justification,’ said Coghlan. He cites a 2008 interview with former Republican House member David Hobson of Ohio, who helped fight off the Modern Pit Facility. When Hobson questioned the need for 450 pits annually after years of being told that the weapons stockpile was in good shape, NNSA came back with a new offer of 250 pits, Hobson told Mother Jones magazine. ‘These were nuclear weapons we were talking about and they hadn’t given it more thought than that?’ said Hobson, who served in the House from 1991 through 2009.
“Coghlan and Mello dispute the need to replace or retire weapons that have ostensibly been well- maintained over the years and with the 2006 report supporting a long life remaining for existing pits. Coughlan cites a study by Sandia National Laboratory from 1993, just after the U.S. stopped real-world nuclear weapons test explosions, that found no example of ‘a nuclear weapon retirement where age was ever a major factor in the retirement decision.'”
Albuquerque Journal, June 24, 2016:
New Mexico, feds ink new agreement for Los Alamos cleanup
“But the head of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which called for more public input on the new order and recently sued DOE and the lab‚Äôs contract operator for missing deadlines set in the 2005 consent order, says the new deal allows too much leeway. It ‘puts DOE in the driver’s seat’ by permitting milestones or targets to be changed if there‚Äôs not adequate funding or when DOE determines that cleanup plans are ‘technically infeasible.’ Nuke Watch’s Jay Coghlan said.” “Coghlan said Flynn’s claims about the new agreement are ‘hollow and misleading’ and that the document contains ‘no long-term enforceability for cleanup at Los Alamos.’ … ‘DOE can just go, ‘This is not practical or feasible’, and get out of it,’ he said. Coghlan also said Flynn allowed LANL more than 150 compliance extensions under the old consent order and is ‘now giving DOE a new gift’ of enforcement loopholes.
Albuquerque Journal, June 17, 2016:
Environment Department: LANL cleanup could cost $4B
Some critics, however, have said that having flexible deadlines for cleanup work is not an effective way to hold the lab accountable.
In April, Nuclear Watch New Mexico filed a lawsuit against Los Alamos National Security and the Department of Energy over their failures to meet cleanup milestones under the 2005 consent order. The watchdog group said the state could have collected more than $300 million in penalties if the federal government was held accountable for the deadlines.
The state issued 150 extensions under the Martinez administration, which the lab still failed to meet, the group said.
Nuclear Watch Director Jay Coghlan said in a news release at the time that the group was aiming to make the lab and federal agency “clean up their radioactive and toxic mess first before making another one for a nuclear weapons stockpile that is already bloated far beyond what we need.”
He was referring to plans pending in Congress to increase plutonium pit production in Los Alamos over the coming decades.
Albuquerque Journal, June 17, 2016:
National military, policy experts to attend nuclear symposium
“But critics contend the billions spent on nuclear weapons in New Mexico don’t help the economy as much as the labs’ boosters claim. Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which advocates for nuclear weapons budget reductions, characterized the coming symposium as a ‘love fest for the pending $1 trillion modernization of U.S. nuclear forces, which has the usual giant defense contractors salivating over huge profits.'”
KSFR FM, June 3, 2016:
Nuke Safety Activists Criticize Delayed LANL Performance Report
“Jay Coghlan, director of nuclear safety organization Nuclear Watch New Mexico, says there‚Äôs no good reason to have kept this information from the public for so long, especially when we‚Äôre footing the bill for LANL‚Äôs budget. KSFR‚Äôs Kate Powell checked in with Coghlan and brings us this report.”
Albuquerque Journal, June 3, 2016:
Lockheed Martin planning Sandia bid
‘Critics of Lockheed Martin have said the company should be disqualified based on a 2014 report by the Department of Energy’s Office of Inspector General that concluded the firm wrongfully used federal funds for lab operations to lobby for the no-bid contract extension it received several years ago. Sandia Corp. and its parent company, Lockheed Martin, paid the federal government a $4.8 million fine for using tax dollars to lobby Congress and federal agencies for renewal of its then-$2.4 billion Sandia contract with the Department of Energy in violation of federal law. ‘”How can Lockheed Martin be entrusted to run the country’s biggest nuclear weapons lab when it intentionally violates established U.S. law?” asked Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which scrutinizes budgets and operations at Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories.
Public News Service, May 31, 2016:
Watchdog Sues Feds Over Los Alamos Nuke Waste Removal
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, says the DOE and its contractor, Los Alamos National Security or LANS, has done little more than kick the can down the road. ‘We are alleging 12 counts, and it’s pretty much indisputable, where they have missed compliance milestone deadlines,’ says Coghlan. ‘So, that’s what our lawsuit’s about, to try and compel the lab to meet those deadlines, which have passed.’
“Coghlan says the New Mexico Environment Department is revising its 2005 consent order to extend the deadline beyond 2018 to clean up the dumpsite. But he says there is a loophole, for it to be enforceable Congress would have to OK enough funds to complete the project. Today is the last day for public comment on the revisions. Coghlan says under the original consent order, DOE and LANS a partnership that includes Bechtel Corporation and the University of California have racked up and not yet paid more than $300 million in fines for missing deadlines. He thinks they should be forced to pay and to complete the work they’ve already been paid billions to perform.
“‘There is an estimated 200,000 cubic yards of mixed waste, both radioactive and hazardous,’ says Coghlan. ‘The lab’s idea (of) cleaning up is capping and covering them, and leaving them permanently buried.'”
Santa Fe Reporter, May 18, 2016:
Stalled LANL Cleanup to Court
“‘The federal government plans to spend a trillion dollars over the next 30 years completely rebuilding US nuclear forces. Meanwhile, cleanup at the Los Alamos Lab, the birthplace of nuclear weapons, continues to be delayed, delayed, delayed,’ Jay Coghlan, executive director of NukeWatch, said in a press release. ‘We seek to make the for-profit nuclear weaponeers clean up their radioactive and toxic mess first before making another one for a nuclear weapons stockpile that is already bloated far beyond what we need.'”
Albuquerque Journal, May 17, 2016:
Nuke Watch sues for fines against DOE, Los Alamos lab over missed cleanup deadlines
“Nuke Watch’s lawsuit asks for a court order requiring DOE and LANS to meet the 2005 cleanup requirements “‘according to a reasonable but aggressive schedule ordered by the court’ and imposing the $37,000-per-day fines for each expired deadline- now approaches $300 million, Nuke Watch said in a news release.
“The suit, filed for Nuke Watch by the New Mexico Environmental Law Center, does not name NMED as a defendant. But Nuke Watch attacked the state agency in its news release, saying that in 2011 under Gov. Susana Martinez, NMED allowed LANS ‘to stop virtually all cleanup, instead engaging in a ‘campaign’ to move above-ground, monitored radioactive transuranic wastes to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.’
“‘‚Ķ That campaign ended in disaster when an improperly treated radioactive waste drum from LANL ruptured, contaminating 21 workers and indefinitely closing that multi-billion dollar facility,’ said Nuke Watch, referring to a February 2014 incident for which DOE has payed a $74 million settlement.
“Nuke Watch says NMED’s proposed consent order revisions would settle the outstanding cleanup violations and ‘absolve’ DOE and LANS of any fines.
“Scott Kovac, Nuke Watch’s research director, said that ‘under the Martinez administration NMED granted more than 150 extension requests, and DOE and LANS have still missed many of those deadlines. Nuke Watch has taken this necessary step to enforce cleanup at LANL, to hold DOE accountable for protecting New Mexicans, and to make cleanup of legacy wastes the top priority. It’s ridiculous that we have to have this cleanup debate after 70 years of contamination from nuclear weapons research and production.'”
Amarillo Globe-News, May 17, 2016:
Feds Give Pantex Contractor ‘Scathing’ Review
“‘That blew my mind,’ said Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico and board president of the Alliance for Nuclear Accountability. ‘They were saying, ‘We gotta have the B61-12. We gotta rush production. Then they send the wrong tail kit.’
… “‘I was a little surprised,’ Coghlan said. “(The strike) was one area where I thought that maybe CNS got unfairly dinged.’
… “‘I think this is a root cause of a number of deficiencies. They are not being self-critical and they have their hand out for taxpayer money and expect to be paid,’ Coghlan said.
“‘We are talking about extremely serious matters here. We are talking about special nuclear materials where you could end up having criticality events.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 14, 2016:
Feds find progress in LANL’s performance, but still short of mark
NukeWatch Director Jay Coghlan published comment:
“The article’s last sentence on how LANL did not agree to standard whistleblower protection deserves special attention. This raises the question of who is calling the shots, the federal government as overseers, or the self-vested for-profit nuclear weapons lab that receives more than $2 billion in taxpayer money every year, and has a long dismal history of whistleblower retaliation.
“The NNSA’s Performance Evaluation Report reads:
Several contract clauses that were bilaterally incorporated into prime contracts at all other NNSA sites, including clauses for whistleblower protection for Laboratory employees and for conference management requirements, were not accepted by the Laboratory, resulting in atypical unilateral modifications by NNSA. ((report, see p. 44)
“I find this a shocking example of Lab exceptionalism, when every other NNSA site has agreed to standard whistleblower protections, but LANL does not. This is especially striking when Los Alamos is arguably the most scandal-ridden NNSA site, from the botched Wen Ho Lee affair to the missing classified tapes to the abrupt firing of two highly experienced investigators brought in to root out corruption at the Lab. How can an institution that routinely retaliates against whistleblowers be trusted?
“One of the things I am most proud about Nuclear Watch New Mexico is that we have three LANL whistleblowers on our Steering Committee. Whistleblowers must be honored, not retaliated against, for standing up on principle and exposing the incompetence, malfeasance, waste, fraud and abuse that is endemic across the Department of Energy‚Äôs nuclear weapons complex, but seems especially pronounced at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). “One cure is to have Congress make Los Alamos National Security, LLC, the for-profit contractor running the Lab, pay out of its own pocket for litigation costs against whistleblowers, instead of letting it keep its nose in a trough of unlimited taxpayers’ money.”
Jay Coghlan
Director, Nuclear Watch New Mexico
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 14, 2016:
Sandia Labs contract up for bid
Lockheed Martin is considered the front-runner, but Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, thinks it should be barred. A Department of Energy Office of Inspector General report in 2014 found that Lockheed Martin used taxpayer money in lobbying for its no- bid contract extension several years ago. Sandia Corp. and Lockheed Martin paid a $4.8 million fine. “The lab does create jobs, of that there is no dispute, but there is a lot of economic propaganda that it has this multiplying effect,” Coghlan also said. “I just don’t think it’s true.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 13, 2016:
Nuclear watchdog group sues feds, LANL over 2005 accord
“The nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico filed a lawsuit Thursday in U.S. District Court, accusing the federal government and lab managers of over a dozen violations of a 2005 consent
order to clean up hazardous waste left after decades of nuclear weapons and chemical research. Under federal law, if the nonprofit wins the case, the lab and the federal agency could be on the hook for $37,500 a day for each violation of the order.”
Albuquerque Journal, May 13, 2016:
Sandia gets outstanding evaluation from feds, but is criticized for lobbying
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, in a statement today, reacted to the evaluation’s comment that the lobbying controversy had hurt Sandia’s reputation.
“‘What an understatement!’ he wrote in an email. He said ‘Lockheed Martin should be made to seriously pay for its lobbying crimes at Sandia’ and called the $140,000 fee deduction for leadership ‘peanuts.’
“‘This is absurd and another sign of the out-of-control nuclear weapons industry, when Sandia officials should have been prosecuted for blatantly illegal lobbying activities and Lockheed Martin barred from competing for Sandia’s new management contract because of its criminal history.'”
Albuquerque Journal, May 13, 2016:
Sandia Labs earn high marks in annual review
Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico reacted by saying in a statement that Lockheed Martin “should be made to seriously pay for its lobbying crimes at Sandia” and called the $140,000 fee deduction “peanuts.” “Sandia officials should have been prosecuted for blatantly illegal lobbying activities and Lockheed Martin barred from competing for Sandia’s new management contract because of its criminal history,” he said
Santa Fe New Mexican May 12, 2016:
Nuclear watchdog group sues feds, LANL over 2005 accord
The nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico filed a lawsuit Thursday in U.S. District Court, accusing the federal government and lab managers of over a dozen violations of a 2005 consent order to clean up hazardous waste left after decades of nuclear weapons and chemical research. Under federal law, if the nonprofit wins the case, the lab and the federal agency could be on the hook for $37,500 a day for each violation of the order.
Without the extensions, argue attorneys for Nuclear Watch New Mexico, the lab and the Department of Energy are violating the consent order.
Albuquerque Journal, May 12, 2016:
Who will run Sandia Labs?
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a nuclear weapons watchdog group, told the Journal the expectation that significant private-sector job growth can result from any new Sandia contract is na√Øve, especially given that the lab has been a part of the Albuquerque community for decades and the city‚Äôs economy is still sputtering.
“‘The lab does create jobs, of that there is no dispute, but there is a lot of economic propaganda that it has this multiplying effect,’ Coghlan said. ‘I just don‚Äôt think it‚Äôs true.’
Coghlan also said although Sandia is ‘clearly better-run’ than Los Alamos or Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, he would prefer that Lockheed Martin be barred from receiving a Sandia contract.
“‘In my view, Lockheed Martin should be barred from competing because of its clearly illegal
lobbying practices,’ Coghlan said.”
Huntington News, May 3, 2016:
NNSA releases Environmental Review of UPF Bomb Plant Plans
“The Supplement Analysis (SA) does exactly what we expected,” said Ralph Hutchison, coordinator of the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance which, along with Nuclear Watch New Mexico, filed a Freedom of Information Act request for the Supplement Analysis more than a year ago. “It attempts to shrug off radical changes as no big deal in order to move forward with the modernization of Y12.”
“An SA is supposed to take a look at the existing environmental analysis and decide if it still matches up with the new proposed action. In this case, even though the new action is profoundly different from the old proposal, the NNSA says no new analysis is required.”
Los Alamos Daily Post, April 21, 2016:
Montano’s Whistleblowing Recognized On Capitol Hill
On Tuesday, Montano was given an award by the Alliance for Nuclear Accountability, a national network of organizations devoted to issues of nuclear weapons and nuclear waste. He was recognized for his lifetime achievement as a whistleblower at LANL, where he worked for 32 years and retired in 2010, when his long-standing complaint of whistleblower retaliation was settled. During his embattled career he stood up to withering retaliation, while revealing business practice scandals at the lab, fighting for workers’ rights and uncovering pay discrepancies for female workers.
At a ceremony in the Senate Hart Building, Montano, along with Sen. Diane Feinstein, (D-Calif) and Rep. Adam Smith, (D-WA), ranking member of the House Armed Services Committee, also were honored for their efforts to hold the nuclear weapons military-industrial complex accountable.
“Nothing could mean more to me from any other group,” Montano said. “These are people who are not paid for trying to do the right thing, dealing with issues of nuclear weapons and contamination of sites. They are my kind of people, doing the right thing because it’s the right thing to do.”
Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico and president of the ANA Board of Directors, said Montano’s award was a tribute to his tireless efforts to expose fraud, waste and abuse and standing up against whistleblower retaliation. “We so value his courageous stance and he’s been doing it over decades,” Coghlan said in a call between lobbying visits in Washington Wednesday. “Whistleblowers are invaluable. We need to nurture them, not retaliate against them, and to listen carefully to the truth they speak to power.”
Chuck Montano serves on the NuclearWatch NM steering committee.
Albuquerque Journal, April 8, 2016:
Watchdog pushes for labs’ eval data
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico has filed a second request under the Freedom of Information Act for the evaluation reports, this time calling for ‘expedited processing’ for the documents that Nuke Watch maintains is required by law.
“Nuke Watch’s new request cites part of the federal open records law that said agencies should provide a quick response to records requests if ‘a compelling need exists when failure to obtain records expeditiously could reasonably be expected to pose a threat to the life or physical safety
of an individual or, when a request is submitted by a person primarily engaged in disseminating information and there is an urgency to inform the public about actual or alleged Federal Government activity.’
“Nuke Watch says that there is ‘great public interest in the NNSA’s Contractor Performance Evaluation Reports for many NNSA Facilities, but particularly in those reports for the Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories.’
“The letter from the watchdog group’s Jay Coghlan and Scott Kovac cites a recent Journal editorial that said, ‘Either the National Nuclear Security Administration is running really late in completing performance evaluations of national weapons contractors or it is stonewalling in releasing them. Neither possibility is good.’ The Journal also has submitted a FOIA request for the evaluations.
“Nuke Watch notes that, in 2012, after release of PERs was denied, it filed a lawsuit. The evaluations were released six days later and have since been posted annually. The latest request says that, under FOIA, the reports must be posted online in the NNSA’s ‘Electronic Reading Room’ because the evaluations are ‘frequently requested records.'”
Albuquerque Journal, March 31, 2016:
State proposes overhaul of LANL cleanup agreement with DOE
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said Wednesday he found too many loopholes in the draft agreement. He said it essentially holds cleanup hostage to DOE funding and that ‘if DOE finds cleanup impractical’ or technically unfeasible, ‘they can get out of it.’ Under the draft plan, milestones required of the DOE would be enforced using penalties. Coghlan commented that Flynn ‘said the current consent order doesn’t work. The reason it didn’t work is because he eviscerated the consent order with more than 150 milestone extensions.’ “Coghlan also said again that there hasn’t been enough public participation in the consent order changes and they should have faced a formal process under which interested parties could request hearings to resolve disagreements.”
Albuquerque Journal, March 30, 2016:
NM Environment Dept. rolls out new plan to require cleanup at Los Alamos
“Critics including Nuclear Watch New Mexico have said development of the draft proposal should have gone through a more formal public hearing process under which interested parties can request hearings to resolve disagreements and call witnesses that can be cross-examined. A hearing officer then would make recommendations to the Environment Department.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, March 30, 2016:
Feds plan to send nuke waste to N.M.
“In January, the watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico filed a notice with the state Environment Department of its intent to sue over the missed deadline.
“Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the ventilation problems at WIPP are worrisome and need to be resolved before the plutonium is stored there. ‘We don‚Äôt think they can do it without compromising workers safety,’ he said of the plutonium plan. Plutonium is highly carcinogenic when it‚Äôs inhaled, he said.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, March 30, 2016:
New Mexico rolls out cleanup proposal for federal lab
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico argued that there are “giant loopholes” in the proposal that would allow the Department of Energy to call the shots and even delay cleanup if funding isn’t available… He also voiced concerns about the lack of public participation in developing the order and the ability of the public to weigh in on future changes.
“Watchdog groups have been critical of cleanup efforts at the lab, suggesting officials aren’t going far enough to address the waste that was placed in drums, plastic bags and cardboard boxes and buried years ago in unlined pits and shafts on lab property. Nuclear Watch New Mexico contends soil samples taken from Area G show detectable amounts of plutonium and americium. The group maintains there are still threats to the regional aquifer that supplies water to several Northern New Mexico communities and that the radioactive waste needs to be moved before cleanup can begin at Area G.
“We want nothing short of comprehensive cleanup at the Los Alamos lab,” Coghlan said. “That would be a real win-win for New Mexicans, permanently protecting our water and the environment while creating hundreds of high-paying jobs.”
Albuquerque Journal, March 23, 2016:
LANL meeting with safety board reveals concerns
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said the lab‚Äôs belief in its own ‚Äúexceptionalism‚Äù is the problem and that LANL feels it doesn‚Äôt have to follow DOE rules.”
Albuquerque Journal, March 18, 2016:
NNSA fails to release lab evaluations for past fiscal year
Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said this week, “There is no good reason why the government should withhold information on how contractors paid by the American taxpayer perform. It looks like we going to have to sue again to get what should have already been automatically released in the name of good governance and contractor accountability.”
Independant News, Jan 28, 2016:
Lawsuit Filed Against DOE, Los Alamos
“A New Mexico anti-nuclear group last week announced plans to sue the U.S. Department of Energy and Los Alamos National Laboratory, charging that the Laboratory has continually failed to meet hazardous waste cleanup milestones established by the state’s Environment Department. The plans were detailed in a January 20 letter from the New Mexico Environmental Law Center, a Santa Fe based firm representing the anti-nuclear organization, Nuclear Watch New Mexico. “According to a news release issued by Nuclear Watch, the January 20 letter gives the formal notice that is required in order to file the suit, ‘which (we) intend to do within 60 days.’ Jay Coghlan, director of the anti-nuclear group, complained, ‘The nuclear weaponeers plan to spend a trillion dollars over the next 30 years completely rebuilding U.S. nuclear forces (while) cleanup at the Los Alamos Lab, the birthplace of nuclear weapons, continues to be delayed, delayed, delayed.’ He said the lawsuit would aim to force DOE and Los Alamos ‘to clean up their radioactive and toxic mess first before making another one for a nuclear weapons stockpile that is already bloated far beyond what we need.’
“A $74 million settlement between DOE and the New Mexico Environment Department, announced late last week, will not affect plans for the lawsuit, according to Scott Kovac, another Nuclear Watch leader. That settlement was related to problems arising from shipments of
transuranic radioactive waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.”
Amarillo News, Jan 24, 2016:
Rise in plutonium production points to more work at Pantex
“‘Expanded plutonium pit production at the Los Alamos Lab is really all about future new-design nuclear weapons with new military capabilities produced through so-called Life Extension Programs for existing nuclear weapons,’ said Nuclear Watch Director Jay Coghlan.
“‘The real irony is that this Interoperable Warhead has been delayed for at least five years, if not forever, because of its enormous estimated expense and Navy skepticism. Yet this doesn’t keep Los Alamos and the (National Nuclear Security Administration) from spending billions of taxpayer dollars … for unnecessary and provocative expanded plutonium pit production.’
“‘In reality, no stockpile pits have been manufactured since 2011, and none are currently scheduled, to us illustrating the lack of true need for any pit production to begin with,’ Coghlan said. ‘Future production would be for W87 pits for the Interoperable Warhead that would be a combined W78 and W97 warhead. But again, the IW has been delayed for 5 years, which bureaucratically could mean its death, especially given lack of Navy support.'”
– Story also carried by Lubbock Online
Los Alamos Daily Post, Jan 24, 2016:
LANL’s Plutonium Plans Move Forward, Draw Fire
“The over-all 100-fold increase in exposure was criticized last week by Concerned Citizens for Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Watch New Mexico and will certainly be challenged as the project unfolds.”
KRQE/AP, Jan 23, 2016:
Nuclear trigger production could resume at Los Alamos lab
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said there is no need for expanded production in terms of the safety and reliability of the current stockpile, but that it is needed for future designs.”
Public News Service, Jan. 22, 2016:
Watchdog Plans Lawsuit Over Lack of Los Alamos Cleanup
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico has put the federal government and the Los Alamos National Laboratory on notice that it plans to sue over what it contends is the failure to clean up nuclear and toxic waste at the lab site. The watchdog group says the lab hasn’t executed its part of a 2005 consent order with the New Mexico Environmental Department to remove the waste. The group’s biggest concern at Los Alamos is a site known as ‘Area G,’ which Nuclear Watch director Jay Coghlan said contains up to 200,000 cubic yards of poisonous debris, much of it left over from the Cold War. ‘It’s a waste dump for both radioactive and toxic materials that dates back to 1957,’ he said. ‘The lab plans to simply cap and cover it, and leave it forever.’
“Coghlan said the deadline for the lab to have a cleanup plan in place was last December. Coghlan said his group’s concerns were raised recently when DOE announced plans for a trillion-dollar upgrade of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, with much of that money earmarked to improve the facilities at Los Alamos. ‘To oversimplify, the nuclear weaponeers are getting ready to create a whole new round of nuclear weapons,’ he said. ‘Before cleaning up their first mess, they’re getting ready to cause another.’ He said Nuclear Watch filed a legally required notice with
DOE this week, and if the department takes no action, his group will file suit within 60 days to enforce the consent agreement.
“The DOE complaint letter is online at Nukewatch.org.”
Albuquerque Journal North, Jan 22, 2016:
‘Steps’ toward pit production made at Los Alamos
The Nuclear Watch New Mexico watchdog group, in a news release last week, said the recent moves “make explicit” the decision to expand pit-production capabilities at Los Alamos.
Lab watchdogs in New Mexico don’t believe a case has been made for mass production of pits, even as they also question DOE’s plans for how to make more of the nuclear triggers.
Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said, “There is no need for expanded plutonium pit production to maintain the safety and reliability of the existing nuclear weapons stockpile, but it is vital for future new designs that the nuclear weaponeers want.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, Jan. 22, 2016:
Watchdog plans to sue over LANL’s delayed cleanup
“Cleanup at the Los Alamos Lab cannot be open-ended or it will never be accomplished,” said Scott Kovac, a NukeWatch research director, in a statement issued Wednesday.
“We’ve got to stop seeing the decline in cleanup funding,” Jay Coghlan, executive director of NukeWatch, said in an interview Thursday. Coghlan said the money should be directed to waste management rather than creating new waste. He believes the lab needs at least $50 million more than its annual funding for cleanup, a budget of about $185 million. “I really doubt [cleanup] will move forward without the lawsuit,” he said.
NukeWatch said it is seeking full accountability at every step of the cleanup effort, as well as a public comment period before the new consent order is “set in stone.”
Albuquerque Journal North, Jan. 21, 2016:
Nuclear Watch to sue over LANL cleanup problems
“We are putting the weaponeers on notice that they have to clean up their radioactive and toxic mess first before making another one for a nuclear weapons stockpile that is already bloated far beyond what we need,” said Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuke Watch, a nonprofit watchdog group. He was referring to DOE’s recent preliminary approvals for changes at Los Alamos, including new underground facilities, to accommodate re-starting production of plutonium “pits,” the triggers for nuclear weapons.
Nuke Watch’s Coghlan said Wednesday that cleanup at Los Alamos “continues to be delayed, delayed, delayed,” despite plans to spend a trillion dollars over 30 years to rebuild the U.S. nuclear weapons force.
Nuke Watch also has been pushing for a formal public hearing process- which Nuke Watch contends is required and allows interested parties to submit materials and question witnesses- as a revised consent order on cleanup is developed.
2015
Albuquerque Journal North, Dec. 18, 2015:
LANL contract up for bid after 2017
“Jay Coghlan of the Nuclear Watch New Mexico watchdog group said the situation as described by McMillan [in the Lab Director’s letter to LANL employees], with LANS getting an extension despite failing to earn an award term, was ‘deja vu all over again,’ similar to a later-rescinded
waiver that granted LANS an award year for fiscal 2012, although it hadn’t met all the performance criteria. ‘It seems awfully premature for director McMillan to indicate there’s going to be a contract extension before it’s actually finalized by the U.S. government,’ Coghlan said. ‘He’s putting the cart before the horse, maybe putting on a happy face for his employees before they leave for Christmas.'”
Santa Fe Reporter, Dec. 18, 2015:
Some Cleanup, Some Patience
“Here we are more than 40 years after the last chromium was dumped into Sandia Canyon, and we are now starting cleanup,” Nuclear Watch New Mexico’s Scott Kovac writes SFR in an email. “This shows the Lab’s preferred cleanup method, ‘natural attenuation,’ is really not cleanup at all. It’s time to start comprehensive cleanup across Los Alamos, instead of hoping for the contaminants to go away.”
McClatchy DC, Dec. 11, 2015:
America’s modernized nuclear arms roil diplomatic waters
“‘What they’re doing is taking a dumb bomb and turning it into a smart bomb and claiming that it’s not a new military capability,’ said Jay Coghlan, executive director at Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a nonproliferation group. ‘It just doesn’t square with reality.’
“Coghlan added that the B61-12’s improved accuracy and lower yield could make it easier to justify its use in the future, since smaller, more precise blasts mean less radioactive fallout. “Russia has its own modernization programs, Coghlan points out. ‘The end result is an arms race.'”
Santa Fe Reporter, Dec. 8, 2015:
Los Alamos Cleanup Past Due
“‘It’s delay, delay, delay,’ says Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a watchdog group that took the occasion to sound the alarm on the practices and failures that they see bogging down cleanup at the lab. ‘Under the Martinez administration, the [New Mexico Environment Department] granted more than 150 extensions, which is the opposite of enforcement, and essentially eviscerated the consent order and we see declining levels of funding for cleanup at Los Alamos.’ The concern is that the longer this cleanup is postponed, the more it will fade from memory, and the less people will think to argue for a cleanup that could bring jobs to the area now, and protect its groundwater for the long term. “‘We hear that we can’t afford to do cleanup and at the same time the US government is ready to embark on a trillion dollar modernization of nuclear forces, so budget arguments against cleanup ring pretty hollow in our view,’ Coghlan says. ‘Go ask the public what they want, and ask northern New Mexicans what they want. They want cleanup over weapons.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, Dec. 7, 2015:
LANL misses cleanup deadline set in 2005 for largest waste site
Sunday’s deadline focused on “Area G,” LANL’s largest waste deposit site. A local watchdog group, Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said comprehensive cleanup for the site “is still decades away.” In a statement released Monday, Nuclear Watch stressed the need for public participation in the revised cleanup order, including a public hearing, and condemned a plan proposed by LANL to “cap and cover” waste in Area G.
“Cleanup just keeps being delayed. If not corrected, cleanup simply won’t happen,” said Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch. “Nobody ever thought cleanup would be fully completed by the end of 2015; nobody is under any illusions about that,” he added.
Santa Fe Reporter, Nov. 18, 2015:
Consenting to Cleanup
“Jay Coghlan said, ‘My biggest fear is that through this revised consent order, the NMED is basically giving up on being in the driver’s seat.’ Coghlan said annual planning should be in the state’s control, and pointed to ‘the Department of Energy’s presence on the Government Accountability Office’s high-risk list for 25 years as justifying the skepticism… The department has a record of blown schedules and blown costs.’ he said.”
Albuquerque Journal, Nov. 13, 2015:
What price a LANL cleanup? Somewhere north of $1.2B, says NMED secretary
“During a public comment period, Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said Hintze shouldn’t ask the public to be ‘realistic’ about the LANL cleanup because DOE itself is a ‘thoroughly unrealistic department’ with a history of blown deadlines and blown cost estimates. He said that what LANL gets for cleanup is small compared to what’s being spent by DOE to develop ‘smart’ new nuclear weapons.
“Coghlan said NMED needs to be ‘in the driver’s seat’ in dictating cleanup work to DOE and that NMED had ‘eviscerated’ the 2005 consent decree by granting more than 100 milestone extensions. The intent of the 2005 agreement was to ‘make it hurt’ when the lab didn’t meet requirements, Coghlan said. Flynn responded that he agrees that NMED needs to be in the driver’s seat and that his administration has fined DOE more than any agency in the country. But he said it was his job to make sure the lab is clean, and to protect people and the environment, not to ‘punish the lab.'”
Los Alamos Daily Post, Nov. 13, 2015:
Wash, Dry And Repeat… Billion Dollar Cleanup Settlement Starts Over
“Scott Kovak of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said he would reserve his judgement until there were more concrete details about the nature of the campaigns, but that he didn’t see what was wrong with having deadlines and deliverables. Why, when problems and surprises came up, did the managers not revise the schedules, he wondered. ‘There is no reason that schedules could not have been updated along the way,’ he said.”
PBS News Hour, Nov. 5, 2015:
America’s nuclear bomb gets a makeover
“Jay Coghlin is with Nuclear Watch New Mexico, an anti-nuclear watchdog group. ‘The American taxpayer should know that the directors of these nuclear weapons laboratories that are pushing these extreme proposals actually have an inherent conflict of interest: they are both the lab directors, and at the same time they are the presidents of the corporations running the labs. It’s in their interest and to their bottom line to be able to have these life extension programs…'” (watch clip)
Albuquerque Journal, Oct. 9, 2015:
Consent Order on Los Alamos Lab Clean-up Facing Changes
“… But Nuclear Watch New Mexico is raising questions about how NMED is proceeding. The watchdog group says the state is violating the existing 2005 consent order by not following strict public participation rules that are part of the agreement.
‘Our core fear is, we’re afraid that the public participation ends up being public comment on a done deal already negotiated between DOE, Los Alamos National Laboratory and the environment department,’ said Nuclear Watch’s Jay Coghlan. ‘We are just not confident that deep changes would occur that way.
‘What NukeWatch wants is genuine, comprehensive cleanup that would be real win-win for New Mexico, permanently protecting New Mexicans while creating hundreds of high-paying jobs,’ said Coghlan.
Nuclear Watch’s Coghlan and Scott Kovac point to a portion of the existing consent order that mandates using the permit rules for public participation before certain kinds changes to the consent order, including ‘extension of final compliance date.’
‘It’s there in black and white,’ said Coghlan.
In a letter to NMED, NukeWatch’s leaders say ‘we seek the full public participation process required by the existing Consent Order, which includes the opportunity for a hearing if negotiations are not successful.’
Coghlan said the rigorous public participation rules ‘get to disagreements before there is a done deal.’ NukeWatch wants to assure that the public has ‘a role in defining a matter of public interest- cleanup at Los Alamos to protect our water supply,’ he said.
Coghlan said NMED has in the past granted more than 100 extensions of the consent order milestones and that its previous effort at a ‘campaign’ approach- the 3706 Campaign to push the lab to move out all of the TRU waste drums- ‘ended in disaster with the closure of WIPP.’
‘Can we be confident that the environment department is going to meet the genuine expectations of the public and that the lab will thoroughly be cleaned up? The answer to that is no.’
In a formal statement, NMED said that, under the consent order revisions, ‘We’ve received Nuclear Watch’s letter indicating that they believe that the revision of the CO agreement should be treated as a permit renewal instead, with public involvement to include full, year-long adjudicative hearings and we are taking that point of view into consideration because we agree that active public involvement improves outcomes.'”
Santa Fe Reporter, Oct. 7, 2015:
Leaks from the Lab: LANL works to pull chromium contamination back across property line and out of aquifer
“‘The fact that it’s 1,000 parts per billion 3 miles from where they dumped into the canyon is kind of scary, because it seems like there might be a lot of it out there,’ says Scott Kovac, operations and research director for Nuclear Watch New Mexico. ‘Chromium is very soluble; it’s an indicator, like a canary in a coal mine… They dumped chromium in the upper part of Sandia Canyon from the ’50s to the ’70s, and it’s already in the aquifer, so you can’t tell me that the rest of the stuff [won’t get there, too].’ Ultimately, for all possible contaminants still stored on site at LANL, Kovac adds, ‘The conclusion has to be to remove all the sources.'”
KZFR California, September 4th 2015:
Jay Coghlan Radio Interview
(podcast link)- begins Part 1, 33 minutes in.
The Independent, Livermore, CA, August 27, 2015
Effort to Avoid Contract Competition Will Cost Sandia Corp. $4.8 Million
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico, on the other hand, stated on its blog that it ‘denounces the… settlement agreement as a slap on the wrist for the world’s biggest defense contractor’ Lockheed Martin. It called for Lockheed Martin to be banned from future competition for Sandia’s operating contract.”
Sputnik News, August 25, 2015:
US Nuclear Weapons Contractor Must Pay Millions for Misuse of Federal Funds
“For Jay Coghlan, executive director of watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico, Sandia‚Äôs punishment amounts to ‘a slap on the wrist.’ ‘There should be criminal prosecutions for clear violations of federal anti-lobbying laws,’ he wrote on NWNM‚Äôs website. ‘Lockheed Martin clearly broke the law by engaging in illegal lobbying activities to extend its Sandia contract without competition, and earned more than 100 million dollars while doing so.'”
Washington Post, August 24, 2015:
Lockheed Martin Pays $4.7 Million To Settle Charges It Lobbied For Federal Contract With Federal Money
“Friday’s settlement was disparaged by bloggers critical of the national labs. Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico called the deal a ‘slap on the wrist for the world’s biggest defense contractor to pay.’
“‘Lockheed Martin clearly broke the law by engaging in illegal lobbying activities to extend its Sandia contract without competition, and earned more than 100 million dollars while doing so,’ Coghlan wrote on the NuclearWatch blog, calling for criminal prosecution of the company. ‘Lockheed engaged in deep and systemic corruption, including paying Congresswoman Heather Wilson $10,000 a month starting the day after she left office for so-called consulting services that had no written work requirements.'”
Center for Public Integrity, August 24, 2015:
Nuclear weapons contractor to pay millions for misuse of federal funds
By Patrick Malone
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of the nonprofit watchdog organization Nuclear Watch New Mexico, called the sum Sandia Corporation agreed to pay ‘a slap on the wrist.’ He said ‘there should be criminal prosecutions for clear violations of federal anti-lobbying laws.'”
Patrick Malone’s story was also carried, with Jay’s quote, in several venues, including: – Public Radio International
– TIME
– The Daily Beast
– NM Political Report
AllGov.com, August 24 2015:
Lockheed Pays Minor Penalty for Using Federal Funds to Lobby for more Federal Funds
AllGov provided a research link to the settlement agreement hosted at Nukewatch.org. “To Learn More:
– Settlement Agreement (NukeWatch.org) (pdf)”
Albuquerque Journal, August 24, 2015:
Feds fine Sandia for improper lobbying
“Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the fine was ‘a slap on the wrist for the world’s biggest defense contractor.’ ‘Lockheed Martin clearly broke the law by engaging in illegal lobbying activities to extend its Sandia contract without competition,’ Coghlan said. ‘There should be criminal prosecutions for clear violations of federal anti-lobbying laws, and Lockheed Martin should be barred from future competition for the Sandia Labs contract, expected next year.'”
Panel Discussion, Santa Fe, August 8, 2015:
Nuclear Weapons, Los Alamos and Nonviolence
Panel discussion on the 70th anniversary of the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with Bud Ryan, Jay Coghlan, Rev. Jim Lawson, Marian Naranjo, and Beata Tsosie- Pena.
Earth Matters Radio, Aug 6, 2015:
The Legacy of the US nuclear weapons program on the 70th anniversary of the Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings.
Jay Coghlan, Nukewatch Director, interview: Earth Matters Radio 89.1 FM
Huffington Post, August 5, 2015:
John Dear: Bob Dylan and America’s 70-Year Nuclear Nightmare
“… On Saturday, we will hear from the leading voices of nonviolence in the nation- such as the great historian of nonviolence, Professor Erica Chenoweth; Ken Butigan, director of Campaign Nonviolence; Kathy Kelly of Voices for Creative Nonviolence; Medea Benjamin, founder of CODEPINK; Rev. Lennox Yearwood of the HipHop Caucus; Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico; Marian Naranjo of Honor Our Pueblo Existence from the Santa Clara Pueblo, NM; Beata Tsosie-Pena from Tewa Women United in New Mexico; Dr. James Boyle, formerly of the Los Alamos National Labs; and Sister Joan Brown, an environmental activist and teacher.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, July 30, 2015:
Latest audit cites more safety shortfalls at LANL
“‘Los Alamos National Laboratory has been absolutely dismal about keeping its safety bases current and updated,’ said Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico.”
Public News Service, July 15, 2015:
Udall: We Need to Understand Iran Nuclear Deal Specifics
“Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said he agrees with Udall that any agreement with any nation wanting a nuclear bomb is a good thing.
“‘This has been a long dance between the United States and Iran, full of mutual recriminations and grievances,’ he said. ‘Let’s just hope that this is a step forward towards a peaceful and potentially productive relationship.’ More information on Nuclear Watch is online at nukewatch.org.”
Truth Out, June 12, 2015:
Nuclear Weapons Labs Hit With Sizable Fines for New Security Violations
“‘The fact that [Los Alamos National Security] didn’t realize this material was missing for five years, and the unreliable nature of their review of it when they did learn about it is very disturbing,’ Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a nonprofit watchdog organization that tracks nuclear labs in that state, said. ‘It’s particularly troubling because the investigators’ report says it could have had a high level of damage to national security.'”
Santa Fe New Mexican, May 1, 2015:
$73M in WIPP leak fines to pay for roadwork, other projects
“Scott Kovac of the Santa Fe-based nonprofit watchdog Nuclear Watch New Mexico also saw good and bad in the settlement. ‘It‚Äôs great that the fines did not come out of LANL‚Äôs cleanup budget… ‘ he said in an email. ‘But have the for-profit contractors that run these facilities learned anything, except that Daddy DOE will bail them out?’‚Äù
Counterpunch, April 30, 2015:
Arresting the Wrong Suspects
“The day before, Sec. of State John Kerry double-spoke to the Gen. Assembly, promising to both continue with US nuclear posturing and dream of a nuclear-free world. I skipped the puffery and listened to Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch South explain the US government‚Äôs plans for three new H-bomb factories (one each in Tenn., Kansas and New Mexico), and the building of 80 new warheads every year until 2070. In 1996, the World Court declared the NPT to be a binding legal obligation to denuclearize. We got charged with it, but it‚Äôs the US that has refused a lawful order.”
Albuquerque Journal, Feb. 2, 2015
White House budget plan a mixed bag for state’s labs, WIPP
“Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico said the jump in spending is ‘for an agency that the Government Accountability Office has long put on its high-risk list for wasting taxpayers‚Äô money.’ He said, ‘the guilty are being rewarded.’ They also criticized an announcement in the
budget to spend $675 million on plans to upgrade a radiological lab facility to handle heavier grades of plutonium and another $1.4 billion to upgrade the lab’s main plutonium facility. ‘It‚Äôs common knowledge that NNSA’s nuclear weapons programs have a staggering track record of cost overruns, schedule delays and security breaches,’ Coghlan said.”
Santa Fe New Mexican Jan. 18, 2015
New report by fired by LANL worker questions U.S. commitment to nonproliferation
“Last week, Doyle released a report developed in conjunction with the Santa Fe-based nonprofit Nuclear Watch New Mexico. In the report, ‘Essential Capabilities for Nuclear Security’, he argues the merits of arms-control technology that he says was gaining momentum before funding efforts in Congress died. Instead, resources were diverted to building new components for aging nuclear weapons, such as the long-range campaign at Los Alamos, authorized by Congress and Obama, to produce replacement triggers at a pace not seen since the Cold War.
“‘There’s essentially technology with these capabilities sitting on the shelf up at Los Alamos and other national labs that haven’t really been pushed out for deployment’, said Jay Coghlan, executive director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico.”
Public News Service, Jan. 17, 2015
Nuclear Watch NM: Government Could Spend $1 Trillion Modernizing Nukes
“Santa Fe, N.M. Nuclear Watch New Mexico says the U.S. government could spend a trillion dollars modernizing nuclear weapons that may not need modernizing.
Jay Coghlan, the watchdog group’s executive director, cites a Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report that projects the government could spend $355 billion updating the atomic weapons over the next decade.
Coghlan says the plan could reach the trillion-dollar mark over the next three decades.
He calls it an effort backed by the defense industry to make more money.
‘And we do suggest that institutional greed is at the bottom of much of this,’ he adds. ‘You must remember, the nuclear-weapons complex is being run by for profit contractors.’
Coghlan points out U.S. nuclear bombs and defense strategy date back to the Cold War.
He says a modern attack would likely be similar to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, not a nuclear hit from another country.
Coghlan adds there is no point in spending a fortune modernizing weapons that research shows work just fine.
‘Repeated studies have shown the existing stockpile to be even more reliable than previously thought,’ he explains.”
Los Angeles Times, January 11, 2015
Los Alamos lab contractor loses $57 million over nuclear waste accident
“‘The size of the cut was astounding,’ said Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, a group that scrutinizes operations at Los Alamos National Laboratory. ‘It is a step in the right direction.’ Coghlan said the Energy Department also reduced the duration of the management contract by one year for the consortium, which was selected in 2007 to help restore order to the lab’s operations after more than a decade of security lapses, management errors and accounting scandals.” This report was also carried on Phys.org entitled $57-million pay cut for lab contractor.
KVSF Santa Fe, January 9, 2015:
Jay Coghlan Radio Interview
NukeWatch executive director Jay Coghlan appeared on the Julia Goldberg Show (KVSF 101.5 FM) on January 9, speaking on the recent 90% award fee cuts against Los Alamos, as well as nuclear ‘modernization’ and the so-called ‘second nuclear age’. Jay is on beginning at 28m 56s.
2014
Albuquerque Journal, Dec. 29, 2014
Feds slash management fee for LANL contractor
“Jay Coghlan, of the Nuclear Watch New Mexico watchdog group, said he was stunned by the fee cut and said the lab contract should be rebid now. ‘LANL lives in a little bit of a fantasy world and their own echo chamber of how great they are,’ he said. ‘This ought to be a real wake- up call.'”
Santa Fe Reporter, Dec. 19, 2014
Labs On The Naughty List- Watchdog groups urge feds to block incentives for Sandia and LANL
“‘It’s an incentive to do their job well… [and] both are misbehaving more than normal’ says Scott Kovac, a research director at Nuclear Watch”
LA Times, Dec. 6, 2014
Mishaps at nuke repository lead to $54 million in penalties
“Last week, the Project on Government Oversight and Nuclear Watch New Mexico, two organizations that closely monitor the Energy Department, said in a letter to Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz that the consortium operating the Los Alamos lab should have its profits ‘slashed’ because of substandard performance. The two groups noted that the contractor could earn fees of up to $57 million for the fiscal year that ended in September.”
KUNM, Nov. 18, 2014
Nuclear Security Expert James Doyle Talks WIPP, LANL And Non-Proliferation
“Doyle was terminated in July due to a reduction in force. He‚Äôs begun doing contract work for Nuclear Watch New Mexico in Santa Fe and the Belfer Center at Harvard University. He says the real reason he lost his job is that he had published an article challenging the logic behind nuclear weapons.”
The Jicarita, October 28, 2014:
The B61 Bomb or Nonproliferation: Which Do You Prefer?
“At the end of July, the Center for Public Integrity revealed that LANL had fired James Doyle, its non-proliferation specialist. Doyle is the author of a study, “Why Eliminate Nuclear Weapons?”, which LANL retroactively classified, although Doyle wrote it as a personal project and it remains available on the Nuclear Watch New Mexico website and other internet sites. In an October 9 press release, Nuclear Watch stated that Doyle’s firing ‘was widely viewed as a political move to punish an internal voice of nuclear weapons abolition.’ In the report Doyle makes the argument for limiting this country’s nuclear stockpile as a first step towards global disarmament.
The press release announced a new collaborative project between Doyle and Nuclear Watch to
“assess and augment the nonproliferation programs of the National Nuclear Security administration. Our ultimate goal is to redirect the focus of three national security labs from wasteful nuclear weapons research and production programs to expanded research and development of the monitoring and verification technologies needed for global abolition.” Nonproliferation programs are slated for a 21 percent cut in FY 2015, and nuclear weapons dismantlements will be cut by 45 percent.
Now there’s something you’d think Udall and Lujan and Heinrich would get behind instead of the B61 bomb: “the monitoring and verification technologies needed for global abolition.” If they’re so convinced, despite all evidence to the contrary, that the well being of our state- particularly El Norte- is so dependent on the federal trough and the “trickle-down economics” trope, then let’s keep the money rolling in for nonproliferation..”
The Guardian, September 29, 2014:
Congress pushes nuclear expansion despite accidents at weapons lab
“‘We view the Obama administration’s position as increasingly hypocritical,’ said Jay Coghlan of New Mexico Nuclear Watch, a non-profit watchdog group. ‘Obama’s proposed 2015 budget is the highest ever for nuclear weapons research and production. And at the same time they’re cutting nonproliferation budgets to pay for it.'”
Albuquerque Journal, August 1, 2014:
LANL fires anti-nuke article author
“Jay Coghlan, director of the watchdog group Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said Doyle‚Äôs article was reposted on its website about a year ago and remains on the Nuclear Watch website. He called Doyle‚Äôs dismissal ‘a clear political firing and abuse of classification procedures’ in a statement issued Thursday. He demanded that federal officials reprimand the lab, reinstate Doyle, fire those responsible for his dismissal and cut award fees for Los Alamos National Security, the contractor that runs the lab, because of ‘chronically poor performance and leadership’. Coghlan says that Doyle was let go because LANL didn‚Äôt like his message and sought to kill it through retroactively deciding his article contained classified information that is not supposed be released publicly.”
Santa Fe New Mexican, July 31, 2014:
LANL worker says firing tied to anti-nuke article
“‘The laboratory is going to regret this- mark my words- making a political firing’ said Jay Coghlan, executive director of the watchdog organization Nuclear Watch New Mexico.
‘In nuclear watchdog circles, Doyle is revered for his work verifying the drawdown in nuclear stockpiles by the United States and Russia’, Coghlan said.
“Coghlan, of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which has posted an unabridged copy of the classified report on its website, nukewatch.com[sic], said the lab’s treatment of Doyle raises questions about how far its administration is willing to go to silence critics of its mission to produce nuclear weapons.
“‘It’s absurd that the laboratory would retroactively classify Jim’s report,’ Coghlan said. ‘Any reasonable reader would conclude that there is no classified information in the report to begin with, and secondly, it’s been on the Internet for a substantial amount of time. There’s no bringing it back. The laboratory is foolish in this and it’s political retribution to a messenger whose message they don’t like.'”
Albuquerque Journal, June 27, 2014:
State denies waste clean-up time waivers at LANL
“A watchdog group praised NMED’s denial of the extensions. Nuclear Watch New Mexico said more extensive clean-up of long-term waste has been on hold because of the focus on removing the above-ground barrels. Projects to deal with more than a million cubic meters ‘of all types of radioactive waste, hazardous waste, and contaminated backfill buried across the Lab were put on the back burner,’ the group said.
“‘After granting more than one hundred extension requests to delay cleanup, we salute the New Mexico Environment Department for denying further requests,’ said Jay Coghlan, Nuclear Watch’s executive director.
“Coghlan said his group encourages NMED ‘to make LANL comply with its legally mandated cleanup order’ from 2005. ‘This in turn will drive increased federal funding for genuine cleanup at the lab, creating hundreds of jobs while permanently protecting our precious water and environment.’
“Nuclear Watch said LANL doesn’t face any penalties for missing the Monday deadline because the 2012 agreement over removing the above-ground barrels was ‘non-binding.’ NMED’s Winchester said via e-mail: ‘Penalties/sanctions for missed deadlines and/or the June 30th deadline are still under consideration.'”
Albuquerque Journal, June 15, 2014:
Closure of WIPP Casts Long Shadow
“The lab remains under a consent order to remediate some 200,000 cubic meters of radioactive and hazardous waste in what’s known as ‘Area G,’ some of which is believed to be transuranic, according to Scott Kovac of Santa Fe’s Nuclear Watch New Mexico.
“WIPP also takes the roughly 400 cubic meters of transuranic waste Los Alamos generates annually from its work maintaining and upgrading the weapons stockpile, Kovac said.
Huntington News, May 19, 2014:
Nuclear Site Watchdogs Offer Fresh Analysis, Solutions
“Scott Kovac from Nuclear Watch New Mexico continued, ‘With federal budget caps, funding hikes for nuclear weapons projects mean cuts in programs that clean up the radioactive and toxic legacy of the Cold War. As a result, environmental work at many sites is falling short of legally mandated milestones. That results in additional contamination and increased long-term costs. At the Hanford Washington site, leaking waste tanks threaten the Columbia River, and at the Waste Isolation Pilot Project in New Mexico radioactive particles were recently released to the environment.'”
Voice of Russia US, May 1, 2014:
U.S. disguises nuclear proliferation in modernization program
Nuclear Watch reports the Department of Energy is misleading Congress
“Jay Coghlan, the executive director of Nuclear Watch, says, ‘The nuclear weapons agency of the Department of Energy is trying a new sales pitch to Congress that intentionally seeks to give the impression of lower costs. And we’re talking about costs on the order of $100 billion over the next couple of decades to heavily modify existing nuclear weapons, but it’s actually more on the order of $1 trillion over 30 years.’
“Adding to the price tag, the Obama administration is asking for a delay in the production of the ‘interoperable’ missiles [sic], which Coghlan says will inevitably add more money to the bill. As for the Life Extension Programs, Coghlan argues it’s just a way for the U.S. to create new warheads by pretending to upgrade the current ones.
“‘All of this is under the so-called name of modernization, which is deceptive- who can be against ‘modernization’? But what is actually occurring is that the Department of Energy and the nuclear weapons labs, through this heavy modifications that they intend to take place under life extension programs for existing nuclear weapons, they’re going to so heavily modify those weapons and give them new nuclear capabilities at the same time.’
“President Obama has promised to scale back the U.S.’s nuclear weapons program, but the Congressional Budget Office recently reported the U.S. plans on spending $355 billion over the next decade on nuclear weapons and their delivery systems.
“‘For all of Obama’s rhetoric, the U.S. has actually dismantled or made inactive only on the order of 300 nuclear warheads over the last four years.'”
Voice of Russia, May 1
RSN, March 25, 2014:
As Nuclear Summit Begins, Critics Slam Expansion of US Arsenal
“Jay Coghlan, Executive Director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, argued in an interview last week that a reduction of the U.S. nuclear arsenal would be a step towards greater ‘national security.’ ‘Every weapon that we retire is one less nuclear weapon waiting for an accident or that we cannot fail to keep absolutely secure,’ he argues.”
Ploughshares Blog, March 20, 2014:
In Desperate Need of Spring Cleaning? The US Nuclear Complex
“While the rest of the nation is concerned with shrinking budgets, incompetence among the nuclear personnel, and pullback from wars abroad, the Obama Administration’s FY 2015 budget inexplicably calls for an increased nuclear weapons budget. Even more disturbingly, the Administration is calling for a decrease in programs to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and a slowdown in the dismantlement of nuclear weapons that we’ve already committed to destroying. To get an expert view, we talked to our grantee, Executive Director Jay Coghlan of Nuclear Watch New Mexico. Here, he describes how the time is ripe for reform to the American nuclear weapons complex…”
Cibola County Beacon, March 11, 2014:
2014 Film Fest This Weekend in Grants
“… a panel discussion led by Susan Gordon, Multicultural Alliance for a Safe Environment (MASE) coordinator, and Scott Kovac, Nuclear Watch New Mexico operations and research director.”
ABQ Journal, Feb 21 2014:
WIPP leaks ‘should never occur’
“They’ve wanted to bring different types of waste and expand WIPP’s mission and the size of WIPP,” said Scott Kovac, operations and research director with Nuclear Watch New Mexico. “It’s not the place. The problem is that WIPP is the only functioning geological repository in the country. What’s lacking in the discussion is, what replaces WIPP?”
NukeWatch Presentation to Northern New Mexico Citizens’ Advisory Board on LANL’s Area G, February 12, 2014
Scott Kovac, Director of Operations for NukeWatch, gave a talk at the public meeting of the Northern New Mexico Citizens’ Advisory Board on the problem of LANL’s Area G, February 12th, 2014.
View the slide presentation (pdf)
See NukeWatch Area G Fact Sheet Updated Dec.12, 2013 (PDF)
NYTimes, Jan 20 2014:
Texas Company, Alone in US, Cashes In on Nuclear Waste
“WCS began disposing of nuclear waste in April 2012… Kovac, operations and research director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, which has criticized¬†…”
ABQ Journal, 1/15/14:
Budget bill would boost New Mexico labs, bases
“In a statement, Jay Coghlan, president of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the increased funding for the B61 “contradict(s) Obama’s rhetoric of¬†…”
Troy Wilde, Public News Service-NM, Jan 17 2014:
Nuclear Watch NM: Government Could Spend $1 Trillion Modernizing Nukes
“SANTA FE, N.M. ‚Äì Nuclear Watch New Mexico says the U.S. government could spend a trillion dollars modernizing nuclear weapons that may not need modernizing. Jay Coghlan, the watchdog group’s executive director, cites a Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report that projects the government could spend $355 billion updating the atomic weapons over the next decade. Coghlan says the plan could reach the trillion-dollar mark over the next three decades…” Jay Coghlan is quoted extensively in this article.
2013
Dec. 5, 2013
Jay Coghlan On Mayor Coss Radio Show on Santa Fe’s KVSF-FM, discussing City Council Resolution re Area G
Nov. 6, 2013
Independence Examiner: Anti-nuclear activist speaking in Independence
“Jay Coghlan will speak in Independence on Friday night on the topic of nuclear weapons production…”
Nov. 6, 2013
POGO: New Documents Show Former Rep. Ran Through Revolving Door
“Now, new documents obtained by Nuclear Watch New Mexico director Jay Coghlan and publicized by the Albuquerque Journal reveal that Wilson left Congress on January 3, 2009, and began working for Sandia National Laboratories for $10,000 a month the very next day…”
November 1, 2013
Santa Fe New Mexican: New ideas, technologies from LANL could boost region’s economy see article comments by Jay Coghlan
Oct 30, 2013
ABQJournal: Budget battles threaten U.S. nuclear modernization
“Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch of New Mexico, a government watchdog group, said Tuesday that the potential spending spike illustrates his contention that nuclear budgets- including that of the B6- are out of control. ‘Only in government can you cut tens of millions and end up adding hundreds of millions,’ Coghlan said.”
Jay Coghlan on the Nuclear Defense Industry
KSFR Santa Fe: Living on the Edge, October 17, 2013. David Bacon with Jay Coghlan, NukeWatch E.D. (online podcast)
More audio podcasts:
Jay Coghlan on Unicopia Radio
November 10, 2012; October 6, 2012; August 25, 2012
Oct 6, 2013
ABQJournal: Editorial: Bureaucratic ineptitude entrenched at LANL See article comments by Jay
August 1, 2013
Jay Coghlan radio interview, Santa Fe KSFR-FM
July 7, 2013
Santa Fe New Mexican: Letter to the editor
Richard Johnson (NWNM Steering Committee), re the Udall vote on the B61 upgrade.
June 28, 2013
ABQJournal: Panel OKs funds for B61 nukes
“Jay Coghlan, director of Nuclear Watch New Mexico, said the Senate committee’s decision to set B61 funding lower than Obama’s request ‚Äì at least unless cost and schedule benchmarks are met ‚Äì was a ‘victory for good governance.'”
June 18, 2013
Lease Aims at Big Savings
Maura Webber Sadovi, Wall St. Journal
The U.S. General Services Administration agreed to lease five buildings on a new 185-acre campus in Kansas City, Mo., for $61.5 million annually for the next 20 years.
“Critics of the nuclear agency such as Jay Coghlan, director of Nuke Watch New Mexico, said the agency should have consolidated the Kansas City workers at one of its other sites. The NNSA’s other sites include the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Mr. Coghlan, whose group has pushed for the U.S. to reduce its nuclear-weapons complex, said it more efficient to own given the long life span of such sites. ‘After 20 years, the NNSA is throwing money away to private developers’, Mr. Coghlan said.”
May 17, 2013
Larry Barker KRQE TV report w. interview Jay Coghlan. (video) / NWNM press release (PDF)
March 15, 2013
NNSA outlines steps taken to improve safety culture at Pantex
By Greg Rohloff, The Amarillo Independent
During a daylong hearing on concerns over safety at Pantex, Dr. Peter S. Winokur, chairman of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, addressed an array of National Nuclear Security Administration officials on Thursday and noted that, of all the facilities in the nuclear weapons complex, Pantex is the one he considered to be the gold standard for safety.
“And while questions continually came back to meeting production goals versus stressing safety, no one on the board asked the obvious one, raised in the public comments of the afternoon session by Scott Kovac of Nuclear Watch New Mexico. Kovac noted that the nine-page document listing the criteria for awarding the 2013 performance bonus did not list safety as a criteria. Nor did anyone ask if the perception that workers were unappreciated was triggered more by general economic conditions of high unemployment and a constant push for reductions in government spending in Washington, than by the actual relationship with managers.”
March 12, 2013
NNSA Defends Contract Extensions but Congressional Scrutiny Expected
Douglas P. Guarino, Global Security Newswire
“The National Nuclear Security Administration is defending itself against charges that it renewed lucrative deals for undeserving contractors, but the issue is likely to come up at congressional oversight hearings in the coming months, sources say.
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico said last week that earning at least 80 percent of an ‘at-risk incentive award fee is the threshold for eligibility for a one-year contract extension’ at NNSA sites. The firm that manages the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico ‘received only 68 percent of its possible at-risk award fee of $46.5 million for the last budget year, primarily because of cost overruns that ballooned a security project from $213 million to $254 million,’ according to a press release from the organization.
“Nonetheless, Neile Miller, then the agency’s top award determining official and now its acting chief, overrode a decision by NNSA site personnel and granted Los Alamos National Security a waiver that extends its contract through fiscal 2018, the group said.
“According to Nuclear Watch, a similar situation occurred regarding the contract of a consortium- consisting of Bechtel National, the University of California, Babcock and Wilcox, the Washington Division of URS and Battelle- that manages the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Lawrence Livermore National Security earned 78 percent of its ‘available at-risk incentive fee, still short of the gateway of 80 percent,’ the group said.
‘However, acting NNSA Administrator Neile Miller overrode that too, giving the lab contractor an extra $541,527 to help it meet the 80 percent mark and extending the management contract another year.’
“Nuclear Watch New Mexico cited the spiraling cost of the Los Alamos security system for its Technical Area 55 as one of a number of NNSA projects in which expenses have exceeded projections. The organization said that to avoid future cost overruns, the government should emphasize conservative life-extension programs for nuclear warheads that do not involve the creation of new military capabilities. In addition to costing more, introducing “untested changes to existing nuclear weapons” could “erode confidence in their reliability,” the group suggested. Congress should also “pull the plug on exorbitant failed projects” such as Lawrence Livermore’s National Ignition Facility and an unfinished plant for turning nuclear-weapon plutonium into reactor fuel at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, the group says.”
February 15, 2013
Nuclear Lab Remains Vulnerable to Cyberstrikes: DOE Inspector General
Chris Schneidmiller, Global Security Newswire
“Among the issues identified in the latest report . . . Computer network servers and systems featured ‚Äúeasily guessed log-in credentials or required no authentication. For example, 15 web applications and five servers were configured with default or blank passwords.”
“I’m concerned that sensitive data at LANL could be at risk, given the lab’s past security scandals and still unresolved cyber security issues,” Jay Coghlan, executive director of the watchdog organization Nuclear Watch New Mexico, stated by e-mail. “After all of the security problems and exploding cost overruns all across NNSA’s nuclear weapons complex, Congress should be mandating strict federal oversight and demanding greater return on taxpayers’ dollars from contractors by requiring them to meet specific performance goals.”
January 17, 2013
NNSA Override of recommendation raises questions
Watchdogs react to ‘waiver’ -By John Severance
Reaction has been a bit slow but watchdog groups are weighing in on the National Nuclear Security Administration’s decision that gave the Los Alamos National Security, LLC, a one-year contract extension through a one-time waiver. According to documents obtained by the Los Alamos Monitor, the lab originally was not awarded a one-year contract extension. But acting NNSA administrator Neile Miller reversed the recommendation.
Scott Kovac, Nuclear Watch NM Program director commented, “By getting these performance evaluations released publicly, Nuclear Watch expects that outraged taxpayers will demand more NNSA oversight and an end to the federal government paying the usual nuclear weapons contractors millions without enforcing performance accountability. Nuke Watch is going back to Congress to demand that it require measurable performance benchmarks before enriching the nuclear weapons contractors. In these tough economic times Americans should expect nothing less.”
WIPP
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
On This Page: Current Events / Issues / Facility Description
Current Events
July 11, 2017. SRS Watch reports:
U.S. DOE Documents Obtained via FOIA Request Confirm "Mission Need" to Expand "Dilute and Dispose" Method of Plutonium Disposition at Savannah River Site, Replacing MOX
The "dilute and dispose" process would package and dispose of the plutonium as waste rather than processing it for use as nuclear reactor fuel. The disposal processes consists of mixing plutonium oxide with "stardust," a secret inert material, into small containers that are then placed in drums for geologic disposal.
"Underscoring that there are hurdles for disposal of downblended plutonium via geologic disposal in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which has limited capacity for plutonium waste, one of documents states that "DOE-EM will complete scope needed to support expansion of the repository footprint and extend operations through FY 2050. This scope is intended to support the WIPP Performance Assessment required for implementing the proposed disposition of surplus pit plutonium beginning in FY 2026." For political, legal and technical reasons, expansion of the size of WIPP is now only speculative and any proposed expansion would face opposition in New Mexico." (Source: SRS Watch)
Russia has pulled out of the troubled MOX project
Citing "the threat to strategic stability posed by US hostile actions against Russia". (ref)
Russia's Lavrov: MOX pact exit is a signal to Washington that: "speaking in the language of sanctions & ultimatums won't work" (ref)
The Russian Non-Proliferation Department's official reason: US did not officially inform on planned change of PU disposal method (from MOX plant to WIPP disposal) as required in 2000 pact. (ref)
MOX- a good idea gone bad.
WIPP Pu plans will go on even if Russia quits plutonium deal
The Albuquerque Journal reports: "At Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories, the breakdown in the bilateral agreement may deal a decisive blow to already deteriorated relationships between scientists at New Mexico's national laboratories and their Russian counterparts, who had been working together to iron out the technical aspects of plutonium disposition under the deal, according to Don Hancock with the Southwest Research and Information Center in Albuquerque."
Ed Lyman of Union of Concerned Scientists said "Even until last week, the U.S. was optimistic that this was one area that Russia and the U.S. could cooperate." (ref)
But WIPP has its own problems
Part of a ceiling at WIPP just collapsed- the 2nd time it's happened in a week. (ref)
Anyway, WIPP is still closed following the February 2014 explosion of a waste barrel and an ensuing radiation leak. DOE has been saying since February WIPP would open by the end of the year; now DOE is saying 'in the month of December'. (By Christmas?) (ref)
What about Deep Borehole? Not yet.
The first step, a deep borehole test drill, was rejected by communities in both North and South Dakota. (ref) Science notes local "fears that the project would open the county up to a future as a disposal site, or that drilling could go awry and pollute aquifers..."
March 23, 2016:
Stand Against The Rush To Re-Open An Unsafe WIPP
DOE is in a rush to re-open WIPP even though the facility cannot meet the previous operational and safety standards, let alone more stringent requirements that are necessary to prevent future accidents. The WIPP underground remains contaminated, so operations have to be greatly changed, including workers being dressed in 'ebola suits'. Ventilation will not be restored to the pre-2014 levels until 2021 or later - the new system is not designed and how much it will cost is unknown.
Not only is DOE is rushing to re-open WIPP but ALSO wants to expand WIPP to other missions that are prohibited by law. (more info)
What You Can Do:
Contact New Mexico Senators Udall and Heinrich (and other elected officials) and ask them to stop the rush to re-open an unsafe WIPP. Ask them to require DOE to drop the expansion proposals and commit that WIPP will not be considered for high-level waste. Ask them to have Congress reiterate that the WIPP law is not being changed to allow those expansions. Here is a sample letter you can use or modify for use as you wish: PDF.
Jan. 2, 2016, Santa Fe New Mexican:
A History of Innovation and Dysfunction at Los Alamos National Laboratory
"...The electrical accident was the latest in a string of problems for LANS that include injured workers, improperly handled hazardous waste, missing enriched uranium, stolen tools and the public release of classified documents. The most costly incident occurred in 2014, when a container of radioactive waste repackaged at the lab later ruptured in the nation's only underground nuclear waste repository, contaminating workers and costing hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars to clean up.
"Investigators say the problems stem from repeated management weaknesses, the kind that were supposed to get fixed when the Department of Energy turned to private industry in 2006 to oversee the lab...." (read more)
![](https://nukewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/McMillan.jpg)
Dec. 18, 2015:
LANL Management Contract Up For Bid After 2017
LANS failed to get the award term, a condition DOE had set for continuation of the LANL management contract beyond 2017.
The 2006 contract with LANS provides for vacating the contract if the consortium doesn't earn a series of one-year term awards. A year ago the DOE had said, "Having failed to earn contract term extensions for fiscal years 2013 and 2014, and with the revocation of a previous extension, LANS must earn an award term in every future performance period to keep the contract in force beyond fiscal year 2017." This year, low marks in the Operations and Infrastructure category sunk LANS chances for the award term. (more: ABQJournal.com)
- On the Watchblog: Four Strikes and You're Out
- ABQJournal Dec 21: Accidents contribute to loss of contract for LANL operator
- Director McMillan's letter to LANL employees
- Backgrounder: Dec 31, 2014:
Feds slash WIPP contractor performance pay; LANS must improve to avoid loss of lab contract
Los Alamos Town Hall Meeting on WIPP Accident Investigation Board Findings
On Thursday, April 23, the Department of Energy will host a Town Hall meeting in Los Alamos to discuss the Accident Investigation Board (AIB) findings from the Feb. 14, 2014, drum breach that shut the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) down. Members of the AIB, will be on-hand to present the findings and answer questions. The meeting will begin at 5:30 p.m. April 23 at Fuller Lodge, 2123 Central Ave, Los Alamos.
The meeting will be broadcast live on radio stations KRSN 1490 AM and FM 107.1. It will also be audio-streamed live on the KRSN website.
Questions from listeners can be emailed to [email protected]
A video of the meeting will be posted to YouTube Friday titled 'Los Alamos AIB Town Hall'.
- Here is the AIB presentation from Carlsbad which we believe will be given in Los Alamos:
View/download PDF
- Here is the AIB Phase II Report: View/download PDF
DOE's investigation of the February 2014 radiological release event at WIPP found a breached drum within Room 7 of Panel 7 of the underground facility. This drum contains nitrate salt-bearing transuranic TRU waste that originated from Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Los Alamos contractor and other national laboratories experimented and modeled to discern why this drum caused the release. They have yet to find the exact cause.
DOE also transported legacy transuranic waste from the Idaho National Laboratory, Savannah River Site, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to WIPP. The wastes remaining at these sites include some of the more challenging waste forms. The suspension of waste receipts at WIPP led the various storage and generator sites to find temporary storage (both onsite and offsite) for wastes that have been processed and characterized for shipment to WIPP.
On December 6, 2014, Governor Susana Martinez hand-delivered to Department of Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz two Compliance Orders regarding violations of the WIPP and LANL permits related to the February 2014 events at WIPP. The Orders proposed fines of $17,746,250 for WIPP and $36,604,649 for LANL. DOE and its contractors have not agreed to pay any of the fines. If they cannot reach a settlement, hearings would be held, starting on July 27 regarding the WIPP fines, and September 21 regarding the LANL fines.
There also are continuing permit violations at both WIPP and LANL, so additional fines are possible.
The two administrative orders were immediately made available on the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) and WIPP websites. However, the detailed explanations of how the proposed fines were calculated were not made available. Consequently, Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) filed an Inspection of Public Records Act request to NMED and received the documents. Southwest Research and Information Center (SRIC) website
WIPP Leak: Federal Investigators Blame LANL & WIPP Contractors, DOE, NNSA
The Accident Investigation Board, appointed by the Department of Energy, has found that:
- "Managers at LANL were not receptive to bad news and would retaliate in response to reported issues."
- "Management didn't listen when workers at the waste processing facility reported witnessing 'foaming and an orange or yellow colored smoke' coming from drums.'"
- "One employee also said 'when workers questioned the logic of using organic cat litter, 'they were told to focus on their area of expertise and not to worry about other areas of the procedure.'" (Albuquerque Journal)
"Federal investigators found that a dozen problems at the lab and Department of Energy offices overseeing waste processing contributed to the accident, including failure of Los Alamos National Security to effectively review and control waste packaging, train contractors and identify weaknesses in waste handling. The board also found that contractors Los Alamos National Security and Energy Solutions, and the National Nuclear Security Administration office at the lab failed "to ensure that a strong safety culture existed within... the organization at the lab." (New Mexican)
Critical failures of leadership at every level
New Mexico's congressional delegation said in a joint statement "a series of critical failures of leadership at every level led to the very serious accident and release that put numerous New Mexicans at risk, shuttered WIPP for over a year and (has) already cost taxpayers tens of millions of dollars. This report makes clear that the DOE and its contractors failed to keep faith with the people of New Mexico."
LANL director Charles McMillan wrote in a letter to staff that "the report points out serious deficiencies in our processes and procedures... We now know from the investigations that if LANL had followed certain basic steps, this event would not have happened. Also, if we had complied with our hazardous waste permit, we would have avoided the serious legal and credibility issues we now face... Quite simply, we failed to execute sufficient regulatory and technical reviews in our management of the legacy (transuranic waste) nitrate-salt waste stream."
Director McMillan, whose annual compensation exceeds $1.5 million, outlined LANL's long list of changes and improvements that have been made. "I believe we are turning a corner on this difficult time for the Lab."
One wonders if LANL will be turning that corner together with the current management.
(Sources: Albuquerque Journal, Santa Fe New Mexican, AP Wire News)
Los Alamos: A Whistleblower's Diary
"A shocking account of foul play, theft and abuse at our nation's premier nuclear R&D installation, uncovering a retaliatory culture where those who dare to question pay with their careers and, potentially, their lives.
"Tommy was unrecognizable. His face was swollen, bruised, and stained with blood, his eyes barely visible through ballooning eyelids and a broken jaw. On his cheek was a ghostly imprint- the tread mark of someone's shoe. Suddenly, with a slight movement of his hand, Tommy waved me in closer to hear him. Speaking softly through lips that barely moved, he said, 'Be careful . . . They kept telling me to keep my fucking mouth shut; they kept telling me to keep my fucking mouth shut,' he repeated." (read more excerpts at the book's website)
Los Alamos: A Whistleblower's Diary, by Chuck Montano. Release date April 28, 2015. Pre-order your copy from Amazon.
Chuck Montano serves on Nuclear Watch New Mexico's Steering Committee.
Nov. 18, 2014:
WIPP and That Barrel From LANL: What Really Happened
A six-month investigation by the Santa Fe New Mexican
"In the summer of 2012, Gov. Susana Martinez visited the hilltop facilities of Los Alamos National Laboratory to commemorate a milestone. The lab, under an agreement with the state, had just shipped its 1,000th truckload of Cold War-era nuclear waste from the grounds of Los Alamos to a salt cavern deep under the Southern New Mexico desert.
"The achievement meant the lab was well on its way to meeting a June 30, 2014, deadline imposed by Martinez to remove radioactive gloves, machinery and other equipment left over from decades of nuclear weapons research.
"For Los Alamos National Security LLC, the private consortium that operates the lab, the stakes were high. Meeting the deadline would help it secure an extension of its $2.2 billion annual contract from the U.S. Department of Energy.
"But the following summer, workers packaging the waste came across a batch that was extraordinarily acidic, making it unsafe for shipping. The lab's guidelines called for work to shut down while the batch underwent a rigid set of reviews to determine how to treat it, a time-consuming process that jeopardized the lab's goal of meeting the deadline, and securing an extension on its $2.2 billion annual contract from the DoE.
"Instead, the lab and its various contractors took shortcuts in treating the acidic nuclear waste, adding neutralizer and a wheat-based organic kitty litter to absorb excess liquid. The combination turned the waste into a potential bomb that one lab chemist later characterized as akin to plastic explosives, according to a six-month investigation by The New Mexican.
"The lab then shipped a 55-gallon drum of the volatile material 330 miles to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the nation's only underground repository for nuclear waste, southeast of Carlsbad. Documents accompanying the drum, which were supposed to include a detailed description of its contents, were deeply flawed. They made no mention of the acidity or the neutralizer, and they mischaracterized the kitty litter as a clay-based material not the more combustible organic variety that most chemists would have recognized as hazardous if mixed with waste laden with nitrate salts, according to interviews and a review of thousands of pages of documents and internal emails obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request..."
Get all the details: "LANL officials downplayed waste's dangers even after leak"
Los Alamos Nat'l Lab Director McMillan paid $1.5 million 'annual compensation'
That's up from the $800,348 director's compensation that the same records showed for 2009 and is nearly three times the LANL chief's compensation in 2006, the last year the lab was still run by the University of California. (ref)
DOE IG: Los Alamos Lab Played a Major Role in Causing the WIPP Accidents
Recovery Plan: 5 Years, $500 million
Oct 1. It seems sloppiness and failures by Energy Solutions*, the private contractor charged with mixing and packaging waste at LANL, along with others by 'Nuclear Waste Partnership', operators of WIPP, will close or cripple the $19 billion installation for 5 years and cost the taxpayer $500 million. And that's the DOE estimate.
The Inspector General Report
"A blistering new federal report says Los Alamos National Laboratory failed to follow its own safety procedures and ignored internal reports warning against mixing potentially volatile chemicals in the handling and packaging of nuclear waste- a series of missteps that may have led directly to a radiation leak at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad.
"The report, released Wednesday [Oct 1] by the Department of Energy's Office of Inspector General, paints a disturbing picture of safety and oversight weaknesses at one of the nation's premier nuclear weapons and research laboratories. Though the cause of the leak is still under investigation, the report is the most damning assessment yet of the lab's role in the Feb. 14 incident that exposed more than 20 workers at WIPP to low levels of radioactive contamination and shut down the nation's only underground repository for nuclear waste.
- Patrick Malone, SF New Mexican: Federal report: LANL Violated Environmental Requirements
- DOE Inspector General LANL Report: view/download
The Recovery Plan
"Don Hancock, director of the nuclear waste safety program at the Southwest Research and Information Center, said, 'Thirty-five years ago, DOE was saying WIPP was going to be open by the mid-'80s. Then 25 years ago, in the late '80s, they were saying WIPP was going to be open in the early '90s, and it didn't open until 1999. They weren't realistically looking at what it was going to take to open WIPP then, and now they're not being realistic about when it will reopen. It will take a lot longer than that, and it's going to cost a lot more than they're saying.'
"Without knowing the cause of the leak, the extent of the contamination in the WIPP caverns or whether more breached drums may be lurking in the cavern, Hancock said the Energy Department's recovery plan could be premature. 'Nowhere in the report does it say the fire and radiation leak that happened this year will never happen again', said Hancock, who favors an independent technical investigation and public study to develop a path forward at WIPP that is disconnected from the Energy Department and its contractor operating WIPP, Nuclear Waste Partnership.
"'They're saying, 'Trust us with the safety standards. We'll define what's safe or not.' That's not acceptable,' he said. 'We don't trust them. They've shown themselves not to be trustworthy.' Hancock described the cost estimate outlined in the plan as 'dishonest' because it neglects to mention the more than $150 million in operating expenses at WIPP for the fiscal year ahead, when even the most optimistic estimates envision WIPP will remain mothballed.
"Hancock said the Energy Department's goal of partially reopening WIPP within the next 18 months would be virtually impossible if the department were to follow standard regulatory protocol for the waste dump, which includes public comment on the proposed changes.
"'It's not a recovery plan, it's a shut-out-the-public plan,' Hancock said. 'That's not going to happen. The public is not going to be shut out of this process. It's a nonstarter.'"
- Patrick Malone, SF New Mexican: Cost Of Reviving WIPP After Leak Could Top $500 Million
- DOE Recovery Plan view/download
*On July 2 it was announced that 115 employees of Energy Solutions had been fired.
A Perspective On What's Wrong With, And The Future For, The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) (PDF; 12 pages)
Presentation by Don Hancock of the Southwest Research and Information Center to the Interim Radioactive And Hazardous Materials Committee, September 16, 2014, Carlsbad, NM.
In this report, Hancock lays out in detail why SRIC is calling for "an independent, technical, public investigation". From the intro:
"Among the lessons learned from the February 2014 events:
"-WIPP's mining and nuclear safety cultures are broken
"-The declining safety culture was caused, in part, by DOE and NWP not focusing on safety and the WIPP mission, but rather putting significant management attention, expertise, and money into promoting mission expansion..."
July 21, 2014, Albuquerque Journal:
WIPP Contractor Received $1.9 Million Bonus 5 Days After Fire
"Just five days after an underground truck fire closed the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, the Energy Department awarded the contractor that operates the nuclear repository $1.9 million for 'excellent' performance during the past year.
"One radiation leak and two sharply worded accident investigation reports later slamming the same contractor for long-running safety and maintenance problems, that award now looks to some like insult atop injury. How could there have been such a disconnect between the Department of Energy's own assessment of its contractor's performance and what independent investigators would find soon after? The answer isn't clear and neither are the consequences to the DOE's local field office, headquarters or to operating contractor Nuclear Waste Partnership Ð leaving some observers asking why there haven't been more repercussions for documented failings throughout the system..." - Albuquerque Journal, July 20, 2014
Update May 26:
New Mexico Env. Dep't: "Imminent and Substantial Danger to Public Health"
"More than 500" containers packed with the new kitty-litter at Los Alamos, 57 still at LANL, 350 in WIPP, "more than 100" at temporary storage at Waste Control Specialists in Andrews, Texas, pose a potentially "imminent and substantial" danger to public health and the environment. (ref)
![](https://nukewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/WIPP-cracks.jpg)
DOE Statement: Cracked lid, heat damage to LANL container found during May 15 entry
"The team that entered the underground facility yesterday [May 15] was able to get additional visual evidence that shows a damaged waste container, identified as one from Los Alamos National Laboratory. 'In the new pictures, the LANL container has a cracked lid and shows evidence of heat damage. Workers will continue investigating to determine what caused the container breach and if any other containers were involved or damaged,' said a DOE spokesperson." (ref: DOE)
May 14 2014:
Cat litter at center of latest WIPP theory
By Lauren Villagran / Journal Staff Writer - Las Cruces Bureau
"In its only publicized theory, DOE suggested earlier this month that untreated nitrate salts may have combined with 'cellulosic material' - in this case, a new organic cat litter used as an absorbent - to cause a reaction that may have released intense heat. The idea is that the organic, instead of inorganic, cat litter not only didn't do its job but may have precipitated a reaction, according to a former WIPP scientist.
"Nitrates in different forms are used to process plutonium, a radioactive element of nuclear waste, and are present in waste coming not just from LANL but other sites as well.
"A profile of the contents of the stream of LANL waste in question shows that, as recently as last fall, WIPP and the New Mexico Environment Department believed the nitrate salts had been properly handled. The profile said, 'LANL has determined that these salts ... would not stimulate combustion' and also determined 'that nitrate salts, when mixed with inert absorbent material, would further support the managing of the waste as non-ignitable.'" (See ABQ Journal story)
February accidents brief
On February 5, 2014 a diesel powered salt-hauler vehicle caught fire in the underground forcing workers to evacuate and operations to cease. The cause of the fire has not yet been determined, however this event occurred in an area removed from where waste is handled and emplaced. Waste handling operations in the underground will cease while the event is investigated.
On February 14, 2014 at 11:13 PM a continuous air monitoring (CAM) alarm in the underground indicated the detection of radiation above background trigger points. A second alarm followed immediately indicating detection of radiation at higher levels. This triggered a switch from exhausting air to the environment to first passing exhaust air (effluent) through a filtration system before exhausting to the environment.
The WIPP underground remains shut down as the DOE and others investigate the cause of the event that released radioactive material to the underground, exhaust system, and surface. See video of underground Panel 7, Room 7, Entry on Wednesday 4/23
- Radiological Release Accident Investigation Report
The Board concludes that a thorough and conservatively considered hazard analysis, coupled with a robust, tested and well maintained HEPA filter capable exhaust ventilation system could have prevented the unfiltered above ground release that occurred on February 14, 2014.
- Accident Investigation Of The February 5, 2014, Underground Salt Haul Truck Fire At The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
The Board concluded that this accident was preventable.
Backgrounder
The failure of DOE to address WIPP's shortcomings does not build confidence that shipping high-level nuclear waste with about 1,000 times more radioactivity than WIPP is approved to handle would be safe now and for thousands of generations that the wastes are hazardous. Decisions made about expanding WIPP could determine whether southeastern New Mexico becomes the primary target for future nuclear waste storage and disposal or whether WIPP's problems are addressed and a scientifically sound, publicly acceptable national nuclear waste program is finally undertaken.Ê Congress may take action on nuclear waste, so now is the time for people to pay attention. Public action has been important in determining WIPP's role for the past 40 years. (See WIPP: Expanding Threat to Public Health)
What's wrong with WIPP?
The world's first geologic repository for military nuclear waste is making international news because of the radiation leak that was detected late at night on Valentine's Day. An unknown amount of radioactive and toxic chemical waste was released to the environment from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). On February 26, the 13 workers at the site when the leak was detected were notified that they tested positive for internal radiation contamination. (See What's Wrong With WIPP?)
Southwest Research and Information Center:
SRIC believes that the cause of the release must be known, there must be certainty that another radiation release could not occur, the contamination in the underground and on the surface must be completely cleaned up, and workers who were contaminated must receive adequate evaluation and treatment by medical personnel specifically trained to evaluate and treat anyone with internal radiation exposure. (SRIC Report)
Further Issues
WIPP Is Not The Place For Spent Nuclear Fuel And High-Level Waste
In light of the demise of the proposed Yucca Mountain, Nevada repository, some people are once again considering the WIPP for storage or disposal of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or defense high-level waste (HLW).
At WIPP Environmental Impact Statement hearings in 1979, 1989, and 1997, at various congressional hearings, at numerous other public meetings, in public opinion polls, and at many statements until today, New Mexicans have overwhelmingly opposed spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste at WIPP. Numerous elected officials, including governors, attorneys general, senators, and representatives have also opposed spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste at WIPP. Public activities, political action, litigation, and other measures would be taken to stop spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste transportation, storage, or disposal.
(click to enlarge)
Facility Description
The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is a deep geologic repository mined within a salt formation. The WIPP repository is mined within a 2,000-foot-thick bedded-salt formation. The Underground (U/G) is 2,150 feet beneath the ground surface.
Located in southeastern New Mexico near Carlsbad, WIPP was constructed to determine the efficacy of an U/G repository for disposal of transuranic (TRU) waste. Disposal operations began in 1999 and are scheduled to continue for 35 years.
DOE was authorized by Public Law 96-164, Department of Energy National Nuclear Security and Military Applications of Nuclear Energy Authorization Act of 1980, to provide a research and development facility for demonstrating the safe, permanent disposal of TRU wastes from national defense activities and programs of the United States exempted from regulations by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The WIPP Land Withdrawal Act, Public Law 102-579, as amended by Public Law 104-201, authorized the disposal of 6.2 million cubic feet of defense TRU waste at the WIPP facility. The WIPP facility operates in several regulatory regimes. DOE has authority over the general operation of the facility, including radiological operations prior to closure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 191 and 194, certifies the long-term radiological performance of the repository over a 10,000-year compliance period after closure of the facility. The State of New Mexico, through EPA delegation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), has issued a Hazardous Waste Facility Permit for the disposal of the hazardous waste component of the TRU waste. Additionally, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is required to perform four inspections per year of WIPP.
TRU waste is categorized as "contact-handled" or "remote-handled" based on the amount of radiation dose measured at the surface of the waste container. Contact-handled waste has a radiation dose rate not greater than 200 millirem (mrem) per hour, while remote-handled waste can have a dose rate up to 1,000 rem per hour. About 96 percent of the waste to be disposed at WIPP is contact-handled. TRU waste is long-lived and has to be isolated to protect public health and the environment.
Four shafts connect the U/G area with the surface. The Waste Shaft headframe and hoist are located within the Waste Handling Building and are used to transport TRU mixed waste, equipment, and materials to the repository. The Waste Hoist can also be used to transport personnel and materials. The Air Intake Shaft (AIS) and the Salt Handling Shaft provide ventilation to all areas of the U/G except for the Waste Shaft station. This area is ventilated by the Waste Shaft itself. The Salt Handling Shaft is also used to hoist mined salt to the surface and serves as the principal personnel transport shaft. The Exhaust Shaft serves as a common exhaust air duct for all areas of the U/G.
Savannah River Site
Description and Current Mission
The Savannah River Site (SRS) occupies some 300 sq-mi of south-central South Carolina along the Savannah River between the towns of Barnwell and Aiken. The city of Augusta, Georgia is fifteen miles northwest of the site. The facility is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC, a consortium headed by Flour Daniel, Northrop Grumman, and Honeywell. It employs about 9,000 people, of which 1,400 support NNSA activities. This huge reservation was established by eminent domain in November 1950 and construction was largely completed by 1956. At its peak, the plant included five heavy-water-moderated production reactors; fabrication facilities for enriched-uranium driver fuel and targets for plutonium and tritium production; a heavy water plant; a tritium extraction, purification, and reservoir-loading complex; and two chemical separation plants. Over a 35-year period, the plant produced all of the tritium and a portion of the plutonium used in the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile.
Following the end of the Cold War, production of weapons materials ceased and the remaining production reactors were shut down. Tritium purification and loading operations have continued, but the main mission of SRS for the past two decades has been nuclear waste management and environmental cleanup. The cleanup of SRS has already cost tens of billions of dollars and no end is yet in sight.
In the late 1990s, SRS acquired a new mission in a non-proliferation deal with the Russians that remains controversial- 'disposition' of 34 metric tons of excess weapons-grade plutonium by converting it into plutonium-uranium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel for use in commercial nuclear reactors. Use of this technology in the civil sector creates inventories of separated plutonium potentially usable in weapons, and thus has significant negative implications for nuclear security and non-proliferation. A Mixed Oxide (MOX) Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF) is currently under construction at SRS, which is slated to cost at least $5 billion. Operation of the MFFF will require weapons plutonium feedstock that has been converted from metallic to oxide form. This in turn will require construction of a Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility (PDCF), currently estimated to cost $2 billion.
The reprocessing, waste management, and environmental remediation missions at SRS are under the direction of the DOE's Environmental Management Program, while the MOX disposition effort falls within the purview of NNSA's Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Program.
The only activities at SRS that continue to support the nuclear weapons stockpile, and therefore remain a part of NNSA's nuclear weapons complex, are the tritium missions, which employ some 450 workers, and involve extraction, purification, and loading of tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is used to 'boost' the performance of the plutonium pit primaries in nuclear weapons. (More details)
Savannah River Site Tritium Missions:
- Tritium Supply - extraction of tritium from irradiated target rods and management of the tritium inventory for the nuclear stockpile.
- Nuclear Stockpile Maintenance - loading of tritium and deuterium into reservoirs that are used in the gas transfer system of a nuclear weapon.
- Nuclear Stockpile Evaluation - surveillance of gas transfer systems to assure reliability in the absence of nuclear testing.
- Helium-3 Recovery - recovery of this byproduct of tritium's radioactive decay for use in neutron detectors and various commercial applications.
(Source: National Nuclear Security Administration)
The recently modernized SRS Tritium Facilities consist of an interconnected set of production, processing, support, and administrative buildings located within a 25-acre compound in the H-Area.
The New Manufacturing Building is the reservoir loading and unloading facility. This underground facility has been in operation since 1993 and houses the gas processing systems necessary to remove, separate, and purify hydrogen isotope gas streams (primarily recycled from active or retired nuclear weapons). The desired mix of isotopes is then reloaded into reservoirs destined to be put back into weapons in the active stockpile.
Manufacturing Building No. 3 is primarily used for reservoir finishing, quality assurance activities, and shipping and receiving of reservoirs. This building also houses an analytical laboratory, an inert reservoir loading facility, and other support activities.
The Pressure Testing Facility is the Helium-3 (He-3) processing facility. This facility is nearing the end of its useful life. He-3 processing is scheduled to be relocated into the New Manufacturing Building.
The Material Testing Facility, completed in 2004, contains environmental chambers and ovens, which support the reservoir storage program, and a metallurgical laboratory used for analysis of tritium-contaminated components.
The Reclamation Building is a contaminated machine shop used to reclaim reservoirs that were returned from the field. During this process, the existing fill stem is removed and replaced with a new stem. The reservoir is subsequently inspected and returned to 'War Reserve' status.
Production of tritium now occurs off-site, in 'Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rods' (TPBARs) that are irradiated in the cores of TVA's Watts Bar nuclear reactors. The irradiated TPBARs are shipped from Tennessee to the SRS H-Area Tritium Facilities, where they are processed in the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF), which was completed in November 2006. This facility has two parts- the Remote Handling Building, where tritium is extracted from the TPBARs by heating them in furnaces, and a Processing Building, where the gas is purified before being transferred to the New Manufacturing Building for reservoir loading.
NNSA also performs surveillance on gas transfer systems at SRS. This includes extensive testing and metallographic evaluation. Reservoirs are then reloaded, reinspected, and shipped to either DoD sites for exchange operations involving active stockpile weapons, or to NNSA's Pantex Plant for installation in weapons undergoing Life Extension Programs.
SRS in NNSA's 'Complex Transformation'
Under Complex Transformation, NNSA is planning to continue all current activities at SRS, to transfer tritium R&D activities from other sites to SRS, and to expand operations in support of reactor-based disposition of excess plutonium. NNSA's plan includes building both the PDCF and a new Waste Solidification Building (to treat waste from the MFFF and the PDCF) at SRS.
In Our Backyard Podcast By Jenn Galler - Blue Ridge Environmental Defense League's (BREDL) Podcast on environmental issues that are right in our backyards
DECEMBER 4, 2020 Tom Clements is Director at Savannah River Site Watch or SRS Watch for short. They are working for the public interest by monitoring activities at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina and other DOE and commercial nuclear projects in the southeastern U.S. region and beyond & striving to halt proliferation of weapons-usable materials.
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a nuclear reservation in South Carolina, located on land in Aiken, Allendale, and Barnwell counties adjacent to the Savannah River, 25 miles (40 km) southeast of Augusta, Georgia. The site was built during the 1950s to refine nuclear materials for deployment in nuclear weapons.
Sandia Labs
Description and Current Mission
There are three major nuclear weapons laboratories in the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA's) nuclear weapons complex, Los Alamos (LANL), Lawrence Livermore, and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). LANL was, of course, the birthplace of atomic weapons during the WWII years, while Livermore was founded in 1952 to develop the thermonuclear H-Bomb.
Sandia is a direct descendent of the Manhattan Project's engineering division that turned the devices into deployable weapons that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In July 1945, the forerunner of Sandia Laboratory, known as Los Alamos' 'Z' Division, was established at what is now Kirtland Air Force Base on the east edge of Albuquerque to handle nonnuclear components weapons development, testing, and bomb assembly for the Manhattan Project. Sandia became a separate lab in 1949.
Sandia is the most diverse of the three nuclear weapons labs. Long operated by the Sandia Corporation, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lockheed Martin Corporation, it is now managed by Honeywell's NTESS. All three directors of the nuclear weapons labs have an inherent conflict-of-interest in that they also act as the presidents of the executive boards of the for-profit limited liability corporations running the labs.
Pantex Plant
Description and Current Mission
Although there have been no completely new weapon designs assembled since 1991, technicians at Pantex continue to disassemble and reassemble existing weapons in connection with NNSA programs to evaluate, repair, modify, and certify them.
The Pantex Plant is located on 16,000 acres in the panhandle of Texas (hence "Pantex"), approximately 17 miles northeast of Amarillo. The facility is operated by Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services. Pantex currently employs about 3,300 people in support of NNSA activities.
Built by the U.S. Army in 1942, the site was originally a munitions plant for artillery shells and bombs. At the end of World War II, the Plant closed but was subsequently refurbished in 1951 to perform final nuclear weapons assembly work. Between 1965 and 1975, the Atomic Energy Commission (DOE's predecessor) consolidated various assembly, modification, and high explosive missions at Pantex from other sites in the nuclear weapons complex, leaving it as the only production plant in the United States where nuclear weapons are fully assembled and disassembled. Nuclear policy decisions and international treaties in the 1990s led to the requirement for Pantex to dismantle a portion of the large Cold War nuclear weapons stockpile. Plutonium pits from these dismantled weapons are currently stored at Pantex.
Although the majority of operations occur on just 2,000 acres, the Department of Energy owns 10,380 acres at the Pantex Plant itself and another 1,077 acres called Pantex Lake about two miles away. An additional 5,800 acres of land south of the main Plant is leased from Texas Tech University as a safety and security buffer.
Pantex is the principal facility in the U.S. nuclear weapons complex for the handling of nuclear weapons in their entirety. Although there have been no completely new weapon designs assembled since 1991, technicians at Pantex continue to disassemble and reassemble existing weapons in connection with NNSA programs to evaluate, repair, modify, and certify them. Under the Life Extension Program (LEP), Pantex disassembles nuclear weapons and reassembles them using new and in some cases redesigned components. Pantex stores approximately 4,000 plutonium pits as a "strategic reserve" and 14,000 pits in all, including excess pits that are awaiting final disposition. Pantex is currently authorized to store up to 20,000 pits.
Pantex is also responsible for manufacturing, testing, and qualifying explosives and explosive components for NNSA's nuclear weapons programs.
Major Facilities at Pantex
Many of Pantex's buildings are between 30 and 60 years old and were designed prior to the current mission. Although there have been new facilities constructed, the total site footprint has remained near 3 million sq-ft.
Pantex has several numbered functional areas. Zone 12 is the weapons assembly/disassembly area. Operations in its 'Nuclear Explosive Bays' include the complete assembly/disassembly of nuclear weapons containing insensitive high explosives (IHE), the partial assembly/disassembly of weapons containing conventional high explosives (HE) and the testing and storage of tritium reservoirs. 'Nuclear Explosive Cells' provide testing or support facilities for weapons and weapons components that contain special nuclear material. Also in Zone 12 are 'Pit Vaults' that provide temporary staging for weapon components that contain radioactive or special nuclear materials such as plutonium pits, canned subassemblies (the nuclear weapons 'secondaries'), radioisotopic thermoelectric generators, and tritium reservoirs.
Zone 11 has 'Explosives Manufacturing' buildings totaling 113,450 sq-ft that are used to produce the main HE charges for nuclear weapons and to conduct HE research and development. There are also 46 Explosives Staging structures used to store all types of HE and IHE, occupying approximately 63,300 square feet. Key facilities for Testing and Evaluation of both HE and IHE, including test firing of explosives and non-destructive evaluation of explosives, total approximately 68,200 square feet.
The 'Nuclear Staging Facilities' storage magazines are located in the western part of Zone 4. These magazines, originally built for storing conventional munitions, are now used for interim storage of complete nuclear weapons, weapons components and other material. The total storage area is 71,362 square feet. There are also other functional areas in Zone 4 such as an explosives test firing facility and a burning ground for disposing of explosive materials.
The 'Weapons Evaluation Test Laboratory' (WETL), operated by the Sandia Labs, has been located at Pantex since 1966. WETL evaluates weapon subsystems in a laboratory environment in order to detect potential defects in stockpiled weapons.
At the 'Special Nuclear Material Requalification Facility' NNSA plans to use non-intrusive processes to re-certify up to 350 plutonium pits for reuse annually, some of which may be modified before being returned to the stockpile. The Plant itself has boasted how pit reuse is much less expensive and environmentally damaging than the production of new pits.
Pantex in NNSA’s “Complex Transformation”
NNSA's Complex Transformation plan calls for continued use of Pantex for warhead assembly and disassembly and adds some non-destructive surveillance work now done at LLNL. Pantex is also to be the "Center of Excellence" for high explosives production and machining. Category I/II SNM are to be consolidated to Zone 12 so Zone 4 can be closed. NNSA plans to reduce Pantex's security perimeter by 45% and the total building footprint by 25%. NNSA projects that the Plant's workforce level will be reduced by 5% to 10% over the next decade.
NNSA proposes to construct several new facilities at Pantex. A new underground storage facility for plutonium pits is intended to improve security and reduce costs. A new Weapons Surveillance facility for non-destructive weapon and pit surveillance is planned to supplement the existing WETL. In addition, the High Explosive Component Fabrication and Qualification Facility would replace World War II-era facilities. Finally, a new high explosive pressing facility would support the projected workload for the ongoing W76 LEP and pending LEPs (the W78 and W88) over the next 10 years.
Source: Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network, April 2009.
The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Nevada NNS
Description and Current Mission
The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2), formerly known as the Nevada Test Site, is a critical facility within the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) nuclear weapons complex. Located 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, N2S2 spans approximately 1,350 square miles. Historically, this site was central to the United States' nuclear weapons testing program, conducting nearly 1,000 nuclear tests from 1951 until the U.S. moratorium on full-scale nuclear testing began in 1992. Since then, the site has shifted its focus to subcritical experiments and other nuclear-related activities, although its legacy of nuclear testing remains a significant concern.
As of FY 2025, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) continues to oversee operations at N2S2, which is managed by Mission Support and Test Services, LLC—a consortium that includes Northrop Grumman, Amentum, and Atkins. The site employs approximately 2,085 personnel, who are primarily engaged in weapons-related activities.
In the FY 2025 budget, the NNSA has allocated approximately $365 million for nuclear weapons activities at N2S2, reflecting an increase from previous years. This funding supports a range of operations, including subcritical nuclear experiments, the storage of special nuclear materials (SNM), and various high-hazard testing and experimentation activities .
Subcritical Experiments and Nuclear Testing
Although full-scale nuclear testing ceased in 1992, N2S2 remains a key site for subcritical experiments—tests that involve nuclear materials but do not result in a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. These experiments are intended to gather data on the behavior of nuclear materials under extreme conditions. Subcritical tests, while not violating the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), undermine global nonproliferation efforts by perpetuating the development and maintenance of nuclear weapons (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
Special Nuclear Materials and Environmental Concerns
N2S2 also serves as a storage site for Category I/II quantities of special nuclear materials (SNM), including plutonium and highly enriched uranium, which are remnants from previous weapons programs. The storage and management of these materials at N2S2 raise significant safety and environmental concerns, particularly given the site's history of contamination and its classification as a "Superfund" site by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The site also handles the disposal of low-level radioactive waste from across the nuclear weapons complex. The environmental legacy of N2S2 is a source of ongoing concern, with critics arguing that the continued storage and testing activities only exacerbate the site's long-term contamination issues (LLNL).
Major NNSA Facilities at N2S2
- U1a Complex: This underground facility is primarily used for subcritical experiments. The complex consists of tunnels located deep beneath the surface, where nuclear materials are subjected to high pressures and temperatures. These experiments are critical for gathering data to support the Stockpile Stewardship Program, yet they also raise concerns about the ongoing reliance on nuclear weapons.
- Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER): A gas gun facility used to study the properties of plutonium and other actinide materials under extreme conditions. The data collected here is used to refine the predictive models of nuclear weapons performance, which are critical for the maintenance of the nuclear stockpile without live testing.
- Big Explosives Experimental Facility (BEEF): The largest explosives testing facility at N2S2, capable of handling detonations of up to 70,000 pounds of TNT. BEEF is used for a variety of experiments, including hydrodynamic tests and the development of technologies to disable or render safe nuclear devices. The facility's activities, however, contribute to concerns about the environmental impact of ongoing explosives testing .
- Device Assembly Facility (DAF): Originally intended for assembling nuclear devices for testing, the DAF now serves multiple roles, including the storage of SNM and the fabrication of components for subcritical experiments. Despite its state-of-the-art security features, the facility has faced criticism for lacking a clearly defined mission in the post-testing era.
Future Challenges and Controversies
Looking forward, the NNSA's plans for N2S2 include enhancing its capabilities as a "Center of Excellence for High-Hazard Testing and Experimentation," as outlined in the Complex Transformation plan. This includes the relocation of additional test facilities and SNM from other sites within the nuclear weapons complex to N2S2.
Critics argue that these expansions only reinforce the U.S. commitment to maintaining a robust nuclear arsenal at a time when international pressure for disarmament is increasing. Additionally, the environmental and safety concerns associated with the continued operation and expansion of N2S2 remain unresolved, raising questions about the long-term sustainability of these activities in light of global nuclear nonproliferation goals .
Source: Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network, April 2009.
The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Building the Atom Bomb- The Full Story of the Nevada Test Site
From 1951, over four decades, the US government carried out almost a thousand nuclear tests at this test site, earning it the nickname of the "most bombed place on Earth". The Guardian has done an excellent interactive documentary of the Nevada Test Site- precursor to the Nevada National Security Site- with a series of video segments composed of archival footage. See the interactive presentation.
Los Alamos National Lab
Description and Current Mission
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), located in north-central New Mexico, was founded during World War II as a secret laboratory for the Manhattan Project. This effort led to the development of the first atomic bombs, including the "Trinity Test" on July 16, 1945, and the subsequent bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. After the war, LANL continued to play a central role in the development of nuclear weapons, including the modern hydrogen bombs (H-bombs).
Los Alamos Lab FY 2025 Budget Request
In contrast to the sharp jump in nuclear weapons spending that will bring more contamination and radioactive wastes, funding for cleanup and disposition of excess facilities at the Los Alamos Lab is taking a major cut from $331.8 million in FY 2024 to $280.9 million in FY 2025 (-15.3%). https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/doe-fy-2025-budget-in-brief-v2.pdf, page 69
Current Role and Nuclear Weapons Missions:
Today, LANL remains deeply involved in the U.S. nuclear weapons program. Five of the seven warhead types in the planned enduring stockpile are designed by LANL. These include the B61 gravity bomb, the W76 for submarine-launched ballistic missiles, the W78 for intercontinental ballistic missiles, the W80 for sea-launched cruise missiles, and the W88 for submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
Despite discussions about mission diversification, nuclear weapons research and production continue to dominate LANL’s activities. The Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) have consistently allocated the majority of LANL’s budget to these programs. For FY 2024, LANL received a substantial increase in funding for plutonium pit production, a critical component of nuclear weapons. This funding was raised to $1.76 billion, reflecting a 14% increase from the previous year.
LANL’s primary nuclear weapons missions include:
- Research, design, development, and simulated testing of nuclear weapons.
- Life Extension Programs for nuclear weapons.
- Limited production of plutonium pits, currently authorized for up to 20 per year, but with significant future expansion planned.
- Manufacture of nuclear weapon detonators.
- Research and development related to enriched and depleted uranium components.
- Assessment and certification of the existing nuclear stockpile.
- Tritium and high explosives research and development.
- Explosive hydrodynamic testing of surrogate plutonium pits.
Plutonium Complex at LANL:
LANL’s Technical Area-55 (TA-55) hosts Plutonium Facility-4 (PF-4), the only fully operational plutonium pit production facility in the U.S. These plutonium pits are vital as the "primary" stage in modern nuclear weapons, setting off the fusion reaction in the "secondary" stage. LANL is also home to the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) Project, which has been a point of contention due to concerns about its alignment with future non-nuclear missions at the lab. The expansion of pit production has drawn criticism for potentially locking LANL into a continued focus on nuclear weapons rather than diversifying to
Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact:
LANL’s presence has significantly influenced the local economy and demographics. Los Alamos County is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a population that is predominantly white, contrasting sharply with New Mexico's overall demographics and high poverty rates. Despite LANL’s economic impact, New Mexico ranks low in per capita income and has a high poverty rate, especially among children.
Moreover, LANL's operations have left a legacy of environmental contamination, particularly from Cold War-era activities. Cleanup costs are estimated to range from $2 billion to over $30 billion, depending on the level of remediation approved by the New Mexico Environment Department. Critics argue that funds should prioritize cleaning up existing contamination rather than expanding nuclear weapons facilities.
Overview on the Future of LANL:
The ongoing expansion of plutonium pit production at LANL has been criticized by nuclear watchdogs and experts. They argue that increasing pit production may undermine efforts to reduce the global nuclear threat and could lead to significant environmental and financial costs. Critics also question the need for new pits, given that existing ones have been shown to remain reliable for at least a century. Additionally, there are concerns that the focus on nuclear weapons detracts from addressing more pressing security challenges like climate change and global health issues.
The debate over LANL’s mission reflects broader tensions between national security priorities and the need for sustainable, diversified research that addresses contemporary global challenges.
Lawrence Livermore Lab
Description and Current Mission
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is one of two laboratories responsible for the design of every nuclear weapon in the U.S. arsenal. It was established in 1952, spearheaded by Edward Teller and Ernest O. Lawrence, to accelerate the development of the Hydrogen Bomb and to provide competition for the weapons designers at New Mexico’s Los Alamos National Laboratory.
LLNL operates on two physical sites: the Main Site, which spans 820 acres in Livermore, California (about 40 miles east of San Francisco), and Site 300, located on 7,000 acres between Livermore and Tracy, California, in a hilly region near Interstate 580.
Nuclear weapons activities have historically dominated LLNL's budget and operations. For example, in Fiscal Year 2025, almost 85 percent of the Department of Energy's (DOE) budget request for the Lab was allocated to nuclear weapons-related activities. While the University of California managed LLNL for much of its history, since 2007, the Lab has been operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. This consortium includes Bechtel National, the University of California, Babcock and Wilcox, the Washington Division of URS Corporation, and Battelle. The Laboratory employs approximately 8,000 people, with around 4,500 dedicated to National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) weapons activities.
Lawrence Livermore FY 2025 Budget Request
The Administration’s Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2025 (FY25) for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been released and it tops $2.5 billion for the first time. The Lab’s overall budget is up 5% over the FY24 Annualized Continuing Resolution (a measure of the budget during 2024 which was passed in piecemeal with “continuing resolutions” every few months until March 2024.) Tri-Valley CAREs has long advocated for Livermore Lab to grow its civilian science mission and shrink its weapons focus. This year’s budget request shows that we have our work cut out for us by throwing money at the new nuclear arms race, while limiting funds for civilian sciences and cleanup projects.
Chart by Tri-Valley CARES
Currently, LLNL's activities include:
- Research, design, and development of nuclear weapons
- Assessment and certification of stockpiled weapons
- Tritium research and development
- Explosive hydrodynamic tests at the Contained Firing Facility at Site 300
- High explosives research and development
- Environmental testing of nuclear weapons to determine survivability under varied conditions
- Operation of laser facilities
- Development of capabilities to fabricate fusion and fission targets for the National Ignition Facility laser
- Design and testing of advanced technology concepts
- Biodefense experiments
National Security and Nuclear Stockpile Stewardship
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) remains heavily focused on its nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship mission, despite the evolving global security environment that increasingly questions the reliance on nuclear deterrence. The lab's FY 2025 plan continues to prioritize life extension programs (LEPs) for aging nuclear warheads, ensuring they remain viable without actual nuclear testing. This approach perpetuates a reliance on nuclear weapons at a time when global disarmament should be a priority. Furthermore, the heavy investment in extending the life of nuclear weapons suggests a long-term commitment to maintaining a sizable arsenal, which conflicts with broader international nonproliferation goals.
Nonproliferation and Homeland Security
While LLNL is tasked with supporting nonproliferation and homeland security, its role in these areas is often overshadowed by its primary focus on nuclear weapons. The lab’s efforts to secure nuclear materials and prevent the spread of nuclear weapons knowledge are crucial, but they also highlight the inherent risks involved in the continued existence and modernization of nuclear arsenals.
Complex Transformation and High Explosives R&D
The National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Complex Transformation plan significantly expands LLNL’s role in high explosives research. By designating LLNL as the "High Explosives Research & Development Center" for the entire nuclear weapons complex, the plan entrenches the lab’s focus on enhancing the destructive capabilities of nuclear weapons. Critics argue that this focus on explosives development is a step backward in efforts to reduce nuclear risks globally. The proposed expansion of the High Explosives Application Facility (HEAF), which would increase the lab’s capacity to produce specialized explosive components, has sparked environmental and safety concerns. These concerns are particularly acute given the history of contamination and accidents associated with explosive research at the lab (LLNL) (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
Centers of Excellence and New Facility Developments
LLNL’s designation as a "Center of Excellence" for nuclear design and engineering reflects its central role in the ongoing modernization of the U.S. nuclear arsenal. The push to construct new facilities, such as the Weapons Engineering Science and Technology (WEST) Facility and the Materials Science Modernization Facility, underscores a deepening commitment to nuclear weapons development at a time when international pressure for disarmament is growing. The WEST facility, in particular, has faced delays and cost uncertainties, which have fueled criticism that the lab is prioritizing nuclear weapons over other scientific pursuits. These projects represent a significant investment in infrastructure that could be better spent on alternative, non-military applications of science and technology.
LLNL's Major Current and Planned Facilities
Superblock Plutonium Facility: The Plutonium Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has remained a focal point for plutonium research and stockpile management despite concerns and controversies. Despite a 2008 commitment to remove all weapons-usable plutonium by the end of 2012 due to security concerns, including a failed security test, the facility still manages plutonium for research and certification of nuclear weapons. These activities raise questions about the ongoing risk of nuclear material theft or accident.
Tritium Facility: The Tritium Facility, also located in the Superblock, has been modernized to support the National Ignition Facility (NIF – see below) and other nuclear-related experiments. While it plays a crucial role in producing tritium and hydrogen targets for fusion experiments, concerns about the facility's environmental and safety impacts persist, particularly given its role in handling hazardous materials. Despite these upgrades, the facility's expanded activities further entrench LLNL's involvement in nuclear weapons development.
National Ignition Facility (NIF): The National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been a significant point of contention. While the facility finally achieved a fusion ignition milestone in December 2022—decades behind schedule and after more than $8 billion in costs—its contribution to the Stockpile Stewardship Program has been criticized. The NIF’s failure to achieve ignition for years led to skepticism about its utility and cost-effectiveness. Critics argue that the vast expenditure, justified as necessary for maintaining the nuclear arsenal without testing, has yielded limited tangible benefits, further fueling debates about the program’s overall direction and priorities (LLNL Science & Technology Review).
High Explosives Applications Facility (HEAF): HEAF supports a wide range of high-explosives research and development activities. While its expansion under the Complex Transformation plan has increased its capacity to produce and test explosives, this has raised environmental and safety concerns, particularly as LLNL seeks to push the limits of explosive research. The planned HEAF Annex, aimed at enhancing the lab's ability to produce specialized explosive components, has sparked debate over the necessity and safety of such developments in the context of global nonproliferation goals (LLNL).
Weapons Engineering Science & Technology (WEST) Facility: The proposed WEST facility was envisioned as a centerpiece for LLNL’s role in nuclear design and engineering. However, its delayed construction and uncertain costs have cast doubt on the project’s feasibility and relevance. Critics argue that the facility’s mission—supporting nuclear weapons development—runs counter to broader disarmament efforts and may represent a misallocation of resources in an era where nuclear arms reduction should be prioritized.
Materials Science Modernization Facility: Similar to the WEST facility, the Materials Science Modernization Facility is intended to bolster LLNL’s capacity in nuclear design. However, like the WEST facility, it remains largely on the drawing board. The lack of clear timelines and funding has led to criticism that these projects may perpetuate LLNL's focus on nuclear weapons at the expense of other scientific pursuits.
Biosafety Level-3 Facility: LLNL’s BSL-3 facility, operational since 2008, has been a point of concern due to its research on bio-warfare agents. While the lab justifies this work as crucial for national security, critics worry about the potential for accidents or misuse of the research, particularly in light of the facility’s work with lethal pathogens and genetic modifications. The presence of such a facility at a site historically associated with nuclear weapons development further complicates public perceptions of LLNL’s role in both biodefense and biosecurity (LLNL).
Site 300: Site 300 remains a controversial site due to its long history of explosives testing and the associated environmental contamination. Despite efforts to clean up the site, which has been on the EPA’s Superfund list since 1990, concerns persist about the long-term environmental and health impacts of continued testing. The site still operates several open-air firing tables and the Contained Firing Facility, where hydrodynamic tests involving hazardous materials are conducted. These operations contribute to ongoing debates over the environmental costs of LLNL’s activities, especially given the site's proximity to populated areas (LLNL).
Environmental Status
Both the LLNL Main Site and Site 300 are long-standing entries on the EPA’s Superfund list, indicating significant environmental contamination that requires ongoing remediation. While progress has been made in some areas, the full cleanup is a slow and costly process. Critics argue that the lab’s continued expansion of its nuclear and explosive testing capabilities further complicates these efforts and perpetuates environmental risks (LLNL).
This integrated overview of LLNL's facilities reflects ongoing debates about the lab's role in nuclear weapons development, the environmental and security risks associated with its operations, and the broader implications for national and global security.
Overview of the Superfund Cleanup of Toxic & Radioactive Contamination at Livermore Lab
By Tri-‐Valley CAREs’ executive director, Marylia Kelley, & environmental scientist, Peter Strauss, May 2017
Nuclear weapons activities at the Livermore Lab Main Site and its Site 300 high explosives testing range have resulted in hundreds of documented toxic and radioactive releases to our air, soil, groundwater and surface waters. These activities, and the dangers they pose, are ongoing.
Both locations are federal "Superfund" sites. The EPA placed the Livermore Lab Main Site, located on East Avenue in Livermore, CA, on its list of most poisoned sites in the country in 1987. Site 300, located on Corral Hollow Road near Tracy, joined the Superfund roster in 1990.
The cleanup of contaminated soil and groundwater aquifers at both locations is complex and includes multiple and often commingled plumes of hazardous and radioactive wastes, involving uranium, tritium, volatile organic compounds, high explosives, hexavalent chromium and others. The cleanup timeframe is multi-‐generational and will take 50-‐80 years, or more.
The necessity to address this pollution more urgent then ever, due in part to federal budgetary problems, which have the effect of doing “less” environmental protection rather than “more”. Further, the Livermore Lab has delayed technical progress on the cleanup and abandoned crucial community involvement obligations.
Livermore Lab’s Main Site is just over one square mile, houses nuclear materials, and sits in a heavily populated area less than 200 feet from an earthquake fault zone. The EPA has calculated that the largest off-‐site groundwater contaminant plume could affect City water wells. If that occurs, it is estimated to result in an additional one cancer for every thousand Livermore residents drinking the water.
Site 300 essentially encompasses 2 earthquake faults. It conducts Livermore Lab’s major high explosives tests and has multiple old, unlined dumpsites with leaking radioactive and toxic wastes. Site 300 is 11 square miles and sits just west of downtown Tracy and east of Livermore. Like the Main Site, it is part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration nuclear weapons complex. Over the years, Tracy has expanded westward toward Site 300, and a residential development of 5,500 homes was recently approved near Site 300.
Since it was founded in 1955, Site 300 operations have included open-‐air blasts with high explosives and multiple toxic and radioactive materials used in nuclear weapons. Current operations include contained detonations, open-‐air blasts, explosive and hazardous waste burning, and radioactive and hazardous waste storage. Prevailing winds blow contamination into the Central Valley, and, particularly, to Tracy.
At Site 300, the EPA estimated the risk of drinking the water at pumped from wells at the fence line of this 11 square mile site was estimated to result in one cancer for every hundred people.
In addition groundwater is used for irrigation near both of these sites. While we have not yet seen farmers trading off the risks of using contaminated water to grow food, that day may come unless there is a continued effort by Livermore Lab to contain and clean up the groundwater contaminant plumes.
After years of cleanup these risks have decreased; nevertheless it is still urgent that all potential drinking water be cleaned up. However, at the Main Site and Site 300, the Superfund cleanup process has gotten off-‐track, and too many decisions are being made informally and out of public view. The power of our voices is a vitally needed antidote to bureaucratic inertia and the pollution lurking in our environment.
Lab's "Public Involvement" is Broken
At the Main Site, Livermore Lab has not held a meeting of its official "Community Work Group" to oversee Superfund cleanup decisions for nearly five years. The public is being systematically excluded. At Site 300, a pressing problem is the lack of any official process to involve the public in Superfund cleanup decisions. There is no "Community Work Group."
Tri-‐Valley CAREs’ Goals for Public Participation and Cleanup
Our overall aim is to improve the quality and quantity of the Superfund cleanup at the Livermore Lab Main Site and Site 300. We believe that the remedy choices and cleanup levels chosen must reflect the entire community's input, not just that of the polluter and the federal and state regulatory agencies. The public that bears the health risks must be given the tools and the opportunities to decide "how clean is clean?" and which technologies for conducting the cleanup are acceptable. Because the cleanup has taken so long, and is projected to last until the beginning of the next century, Livermore Lab needs to develop plans that inform and involve the community, so that community concerns are not overlooked.
The solution is to strengthen the overall participation of community residents in Superfund decision-‐ making. We at Tri-‐Valley CAREs can help by conducting outreach to Spanish speakers, instituting an environmentally focused Youth Video Contest and other student activities, and conducting workshops and community meetings, such as the one we are planning this fall in Tracy. And, we have instituted a Tracy Superfund Advisory Committee. That said, we must also continue to insist that, as the polluter, Livermore Lab steps up to its public engagement responsibilities more fully.
Key Questions for the Future
Along with renewed public involvement, there is a need to improve the management of pollutants and the cleanup technologies used at the Main Site and Site 300.
At the Main Site, the Lab has deferred completing a focused feasibility study to address the commingling of radioactive tritium and chlorinated solvents. Presently there is no role for the community in remedy selection. Moreover, there are several "pilot projects" underway requiring greater community oversight.
They involve bio-‐remediation, injection of zero-‐valent iron, and in-‐situ thermal treatment of contaminants. Decisions will be made about where and when to use these technologies. Residents need to be at the table.
At Site 300, there is incomplete characterization of contaminants in soils, particularly in two areas used for bomb design tests involving depleted uranium, or DU, as well as issues concerning high explosive contamination of soils and groundwater. The remedial investigation/feasibility study to determine the best DU cleanup technology and the cleanup levels to be attained is lagging behind schedule and lacking any regular public involvement process.
Kansas City Plant
Description and Current Mission
The Kansas City Plant (KCP) has most of its operations in Missouri, with satellite facilities in Arkansas and New Mexico. The main facility is located on 122 acres of the 300-acre Bannister Federal Complex (BFC), 12 miles south of downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The BFC is owned by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), which leases the KCP portion to NNSA. The facility is operated by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies and employs approximately 2,400 people in support of NNSA activities.
The Kansas City Plant was built during World War II to assemble engines for Navy fighter planes. After the war, the Atomic Energy Commission contracted the Bendix Corporation to manage production of nonnuclear components for nuclear weapons at the Plant. The KCP has been the primary site for conducting that mission ever since.
In addition to making nuclear weapons parts for NNSA, the KCP makes parts for other DOE offices, DoD, other government agencies, and the United Kingdom. The Plant produces or procures 85 percent of all components that make up a nuclear warhead, including firing and arming systems, radars, guidance systems, reservoirs for tritium, foams, and adhesives. KCP states that it now has its busiest workload in 20 years. Much of this work is for 'Life Extension Programs' for existing nuclear weapons.
NNSA has about 2 million sq. ft. of space dedicated to nuclear weapons components production at KCP and employs about 3,000 people in those activities. According to the 2009 Budget, NNSA planned to spend $478 million for nuclear weapons activities at the KCP in 2009.
Major Kansas City Plant Facilities
According to its FY09 Ten Year Site Plan, the Bannister Federal Complex contains facilities for printed wiring assembly, fabrication, final assembly, plastics machining, mechanical welding, and electromechanical assembly.
Additional facilities that are managed by Honeywell in New Mexico under the contract for KCP include: the NC-135 Compound, which supports engineering research and development and the assembly or repair of communications equipment; the Air Park Facility, which develops and supports training programs for NNSA's Office of Secure Transportation; and the Craddock Modification Center which builds and equips Safe Secure Trailers and Safeguards Transporters.
Along with Sandia-NM, these three facilities are all located on Kirtland AFB, which has been recently designated by the DoD Secretary as the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center of Excellence for all nuclear weapons systems activities. In addition, Honeywell/KCP also runs a 'Los Alamos Office' that manufactures detonator assemblies for nuclear weapons and fiber-optic sensors for hydrodynamic testing.
The Kansas City Plant in NNSA's Complex Transformation
Under Complex Transformation, NNSA plans to move the main site of the KCP from the Bannister Federal Complex to a new 1.5 million sq-ft facility, construction of which is expected to cost about half a billion dollars. The proposed plant is sited within Kansas City limits and developed by private sector financing. It would be leased to GSA, which in turn would sublease it to NNSA at a cost of roughly $1.2 billion over twenty years. Kirtland Operations would also relocate to a new 306,949 sq-ft facility to be constructed by a private developer in Albuquerque and leased by the GSA to the NNSA.
During the proposed transition period, the old KCP facility at the Bannister Federal Complex would remain in operation as activities are moved to the newly leased space in 2012. According to the FY09 Ten Year Site Plan, "Capabilities that are commercially available will be outsourced where possible and remaining in-house capabilities will be properly sized for the anticipated production rates of future weapon programs."
Of the eight active NNSA nuclear weapons sites, KCP was the only site to be excluded from consideration in the Complex Transformation Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. NNSA argued that decisions made elsewhere in the nuclear weapons complex would not affect KCP, and vice versa. However, NNSA's own language in successive KCP Ten-Year Site Plans strongly rebuts that argument. Moreover, the 1996 Stockpile Stewardship and Management PEIS, to which the present Complex Transformation study is technically a supplement, actively considered consolidating KCP missions to SNL-NM.
The 1996 decision not to consolidate was made because of the claimed expense and environmental liabilities of building new facilities at Sandia. That argument is mooted by the fact that NNSA now plans to move to a new facility, albeit one only eight miles away from the old plant. Further, NNSA apparently plans to make that move without comprehensive cleanup of the old Plant, which is heavily contaminated with PCBs and industrial solvents.
Read the study, to which we contributed, that explored the possibility of consolidating the nuclear weapons complex:
Transforming the U.S. Strategic Posture and Weapons Complex For Transition to a Nuclear Weapons-Free World, Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network*, April 2009
*The members of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Consolidation Policy Network include Nuclear Watch New Mexico along with national organizations: the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Project On Government Oversight; Tri-Valley CAREs, near the Lawrence Livermore National Lab; the Greater Kansas City Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, near the Kansas City Plant; and JustPeace of Texas, near the Pantex Plant.
Note: See our KCP archives here
See also this NWNM Fact Sheet: Kansas City and the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex (PDF)- June 17, 2010
A good history:
KCP: Facility Description and Regulatory Status
And this history from Honeywell: History of the Bannister Federal Complex (PDF)
Active Map: Nuclear Weapons Complex
NNSA's Nuclear Security Enterprise: The Current Nuclear Weapons Complex
The current nuclear weapons complex, which NNSA refers to as the Nuclear Security Enterprise, includes NNSA Headquarters (located in Washington, DC; Germantown, MD; and Albuquerque, NM), the NNSA field offices, the three national security laboratories (two of which also have production missions), the four nuclear weapons production facilities, and the Nevada National Security Site. Two other facilities are essential for maintaining the stockpile: (1) the TVA's Watts Barr nuclear power reactor in Tennessee, which produces tritium, a relatively short-lived nuclear material vital to modern nuclear warheads, and (2) the WIPP site in New Mexico, which is used to manage, isolate, and store plutonium-bearing wastes from the warhead operations at other sites.
The map below does not show the headquarters or field offices, but focus instead on the laboratories, testing, production, and support facilities more commonly known as the nuclear weapons complex. These sites are largely government-owned, contractor-operated facilities.